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The Concentration of Radionuclides (Lead-210, Polonium-210, and Cesium-137) in the Muscle of Sardine Fish: a Global Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Exposure Assessment 

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Abstract

With the increasing use of nuclear technology, concerns about the contamination of water resources with radionuclides and the contamination of seafood are increasing. In the current investigation, a meta-analysis and exposure assessment regarding the concentration of radionuclides, including lead-210 (Pb-210), polonium -210 (Po-210), and cesium-137 (Cs-137) in the muscle of Sardin fish were conducted. In this regard, some databases including Scopus and PubMed were selected to retrieve papers on the concentration of radionuclides in the muscle of Sardin fish from January 2000 to 25 June 2021. The used keywords were polonium-210, natural radioactivity, lead-210, radiocesium, cesium-137, radionuclides, radium-226, seafood, marine foods, fish, sardine fish, sardinella longiceps, and Clupeidae. Also, effective dose (ED) was calculated to estimate carcinogenic risk in Sardine fish consumers. The rank order of radionuclides in the muscle of sardine fish was Po-210 (31.50 Bq/kg) > Pb-210 (3.34 Bq/kg) > Cs-137 (0.48 Bq/kg). Based on level of Pb-210 rank of countries was France (12.00 Bq/kg) > India (4.06 Bq/kg) > Turkey (3.29 Bq/kg) > Spain (1.00 Bq/kg) > Slovenia (0.55 Bq/kg); Po-210 was Turkey (74.96 Bq/kg) > Spain (48.00 Bq/kg) > France (31.500 Bq/kg > India (30.25 Bq/kg) > Slovenia (25.00 Bq/kg) > Kuwait (7.28 Bq/kg) and also, Cs-137 was Japan (1.22 Bq/kg) > Croatia (0.18 Bq/kg) > India (0.23 Bq/kg). The lowest and highest ED of 210Po was observed in Kuwait (5.10E-04 msv/y, female) and France (3.14E-01, male); Pb-210, Slovenia (7.24E-05 msv/y, male) and France (1.48E-02 msv/y, female), and Cs-137, Croatia (8.47E-08 msv/y, male) and Japan (2.54E-05 msv/y, female), respectively. The risk assessment shows that the exposed population are at an acceptable range of risk (H < 1 mSv/y).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Yadolah Fakhri

  2. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

    Trias Mahmudiono

  3. Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Vahid Ranaei

  4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

    Mansour Sarafraz

  5. Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

    Amene Nematollahi

  6. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal 6121, Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP 13083-862, Brazil

    Amin Mousavi Khaneghah

  7. Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland

    Amin Mousavi Khaneghah

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Fakhri, Y., Mahmudiono, T., Ranaei, V. et al. The Concentration of Radionuclides (Lead-210, Polonium-210, and Cesium-137) in the Muscle of Sardine Fish: a Global Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Exposure Assessment . Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 2011–2021 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03289-1

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