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Determination of Lead in Biological Samples of Children with Different Physiological Consequences Using Cloud Point Extraction Method

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Abstract

In present study, lead (Pb) level in biological samples of children with physiological disorders (liver, bone, and gastrointestinal; age ranged 1–10 years) have been assessed. For comparison purpose, age-matched healthy children were also selected. Cloud point extraction (CPE) was employed for preconcentration of Pb in acid-digested biological samples prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) and nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 (TX-114) were used as complexing reagent and extractant, respectively. The effects of several experimental variables on proposed CPE were evaluated. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the observed detection limit (LOD) and the enhancement factor (EF) were 0.08 μg L−1 and 53, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of 10 μg L−1 Pb was 3.4 %. It was observed that children with liver-, bone-, and gastrointestinal-related disorders had three- to fourfold higher Pb level in blood and scalp hair samples.

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Acknowledgments

Faheem Shah is grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for awarding him “2216 Research Fellowship Programme for Foreign Citizens”. The authors are also grateful to HEC Pakistan for financial supports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

    Faheem Shah

  2. National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, 76080, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Faheem Shah, Tasneem Gul Kazi, Naeem Ullah & Hassan Imran Afridi

  3. Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60250, Tokat, Turkey

    Naeem Ullah

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  1. Faheem Shah
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  2. Tasneem Gul Kazi
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Correspondence to Faheem Shah.

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Shah, F., Kazi, T.G., Ullah, N. et al. Determination of Lead in Biological Samples of Children with Different Physiological Consequences Using Cloud Point Extraction Method. Biol Trace Elem Res 153, 134–140 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9677-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9677-9

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