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The Effects of Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Histidinate Administration on NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in the Brain of Diabetic Rats

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Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate (CrPic) and chromium histidinate (CrHis) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB p65) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in diabetic rat brain. Nondiabetic (n = 45) and diabetic (n = 45) male Wistar rats were either not supplemented or supplemented with CrPic or CrHis via drinking water to consume 8 μg elemental chromium (Cr) per day for 12 weeks. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (40 mg/kg i.p., for 2 weeks) and maintained by high-fat feeding (40 %). Diabetes was associated with increases in cerebral NF-κB and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts and decreased in cerebral nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) and Nrf2 levels. Both Cr chelates were effective to decrease levels of NF-κB and 4-HNE protein adducts and to increase levels of IκBα and Nrf2 in the brain of diabetic rats. However, responses of these increases and decreases were more notable when Cr was supplemented as CrHis than as CrPic. In conclusion, Cr may play a protective role in cerebral antioxidant defense system in diabetic subjects via the Nrf2 pathway by reducing inflammation through NF-κB p65 inhibition. Histidinate form of Cr was superior to picolinate form of Cr in reducing NF-κB expression and increasing Nrf2 expression in the brain of diabetic rats.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Nutrition 21, Purchase, NY for providing financial support for this study.

Conflict of interest

The study was funded by Nutrition 21, Inc., NY, USA. Nutrition 21 also supplied the chromium picolinate and chromium histidinate used in the study. James R. Komorowski is an employee of Nutrition 21, the distributors of chromium picolinate under a license from the USDA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Kazim Sahin, Cemal Orhan & Nurhan Sahin

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Mehmet Tuzcu & Hasan Gencoglu

  3. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Mustafa Ulas

  4. Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

    Mustafa Atalay

  5. Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Armagan Hayirli

  6. Technical Services and Scientific Affairs, Nutrition 21 Inc., Purchase, NY, USA

    James R. Komorowski

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  1. Kazim Sahin
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  2. Mehmet Tuzcu
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  3. Cemal Orhan
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  9. James R. Komorowski
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Correspondence to Kazim Sahin.

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Sahin, K., Tuzcu, M., Orhan, C. et al. The Effects of Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Histidinate Administration on NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in the Brain of Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 150, 291–296 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9475-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9475-9

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