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Technetium-99m-Labeled Sulfadiazine: a Targeting Radiopharmaceutical for Scintigraphic Imaging of Infectious Foci Due To Escherichia coli in Mouse and Rabbit Models

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Abstract

Bacterial infection is one of the vital reasons of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. It appears silently without bothering the geological borders and imposes a grave threat to humanity. Nuclear medicine technique has an important role in helping early diagnosis of deep-seated infections. The aim of this study was to develop a new radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-labeling sulfadiazine as an infection imaging agent. Radiolabeling of sulfadiazine with technetium-99m (99mTc) was carried out using stannous tartrate as a reducing agent in the presence of gentistic acid at pH = 5. The quality control tests revealed ~98% labeling efficiency. Paper chromatographic (PC) and instant thin-layer chromatographic (ITLC) techniques were used to analyze radiochemical yield. Biodistribution and infection specificity of the radiotracer were performed with Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection-induced rats. Scintigraphy and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) study was performed in E. coli-infected rabbits. Scintigraphy indicated E. coli infection targeting potential of 99mTc-SDZ, while biodistribution study showed minimal uptake of 99mTc-SDZ in non-targeted tissues. The uptake in the kidneys was found 2.56 ± 0.06, 2.09 ± 0.10, and 1.68 ± 0.09% at 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h, respectively. The infected muscle (target) to non-infected muscle (non-target) ratio (T/NT) was found 4.49 ± 0.04, 6.78 ± 0.07, and 5.59 ± 0.08 at 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan, for providing funds (No. 20-3413/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2014/702) for the development of radiopharmaceuticals and promoting the research culture in Pakistan. The authors are also thankful to Director INOR, Abbottabad for providing the lab and SPECT camera facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Tauqeer Ahmed, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Rashid Rasheed, Ameer Fawad Zahoor & Muhammad Usman

  2. Institute of Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy (INOR), Abbottabad, Pakistan

    Rashid Rasheed

  3. Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan

    Zaib Hussain

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  1. Muhammad Tauqeer Ahmed
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  2. Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
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  3. Rashid Rasheed
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  4. Ameer Fawad Zahoor
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  5. Muhammad Usman
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Correspondence to Syed Ali Raza Naqvi.

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Ahmed, M.T., Naqvi, S.A.R., Rasheed, R. et al. Technetium-99m-Labeled Sulfadiazine: a Targeting Radiopharmaceutical for Scintigraphic Imaging of Infectious Foci Due To Escherichia coli in Mouse and Rabbit Models. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 183, 374–384 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2451-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2451-2

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