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Humoral Immune Responses to a Recombinant Plasmodium vivax Tryptophan-Rich Antigen Among Plasmodium vivax-Infected Patients and Its Localization in the Parasite

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Abstract

Our recent studies have focused on the identification and characterization of the tryptophan-rich proteins of the Plasmodium vivax parasite where their role in the elicitation of humoral and cellular responses and erythrocyte-binding activity was investigated. Here, we report the humoral responses of a 32.4-kDa P. vivax tryptophan-rich antigen (PvTRAg32.4) among the sera of P. vivax-infected patients. PvTRAg32.4 also contains an unusually high percentage of tryptophan residues (10.7 %) that are positionally conserved with its orthologues in Plasmodium yoelii (PypAg1 and PypAg2) and Plasmodium falciparum (PfTryThrA and PfMATRA). Thirty-four of the 40 (85.0 %) P. vivax isolates showed seropositivity to recombinant PvTRAg32.4 by ELISA. The mean ± SD values of optical density (OD) for P. vivax subjects and naïve individuals were 1.02 ± 0.36 and 0.26 ± 0.11, respectively. In the Western blot analysis, majority of the subjects studied (n = 44) showed reactivity to the recombinant, purified PvTRAg32.4. This antigen does not show binding to the erythrocytes, but the immunofluorescence data reveals that it is expressed in the erythrocytic stages of the parasite. Sequence analysis of the clinical isolates from various parts of the country shows that PvTRAg32.4 is highly conserved. Functional in-depth characterization of more such type of novel proteins in the parasite is warranted for the development of successful malaria intervention methods.

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Acknowledgments

The authors extend their appreciation to the Research Centre, College of Applied Medical Sciences, and the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this research. This work was also supported by the financial support (to Y.D.S.) from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). We are indebted to all the patients and healthy volunteers who participated in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Asim A. Siddiqui & Fozia Khan

  2. Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Yagya D. Sharma

Authors
  1. Asim A. Siddiqui
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  2. Fozia Khan
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  3. Yagya D. Sharma
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Correspondence to Asim A. Siddiqui.

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Siddiqui, A.A., Khan, F. & Sharma, Y.D. Humoral Immune Responses to a Recombinant Plasmodium vivax Tryptophan-Rich Antigen Among Plasmodium vivax-Infected Patients and Its Localization in the Parasite. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 175, 2166–2177 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1428-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1428-7

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