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Spatial distribution of magnetic material in urban road dust classified by land use and type of road in San Luis Potosí, Mexico

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Abstract

Industrial and vehicular emissions of particles cause multiple damages to human health due to concentration, size, and composition. These emissions contain magnetic particles; therefore, low-cost properties allow tracking and monitoring them. This study is aimed at identifying the primary sources of magnetic material in 100 samples of urban road dust from San Luis Potosí, Mexico, analyzing the influence of land use and the type of road on these particles. Magnetic susceptibility (χlf) and isothermal remanent magnetization at 0.7 T (IRM0.7T) were determined, as well as the iron and manganese content using X-ray fluorescence. The distribution of particles was examined by land use and type of road through geostatistical maps and variance analysis. The results showed that the iron and manganese content, χlf, and IRM0.7T were positively correlated, indicating a possible common origin. The primary sources identified were the iron smelter and laminator in the industrial park. Urban land use influenced the content of iron, manganese, and magnetic material in urban road dust. The land uses with the more significant transformation (industrial and mixed) presented the highest values of iron, manganese, χlf, and IRM0.7T. On the other hand, vehicular traffic was indirectly assessed through the type of road, influencing the magnetic signal of urban road dust and finding the highest signals in primary and secondary roads. Then, the magnetic properties allowed the tracking and monitoring of magnetic particles from industrial and vehicle emissions.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to José Luis Cortés, Ruben Cejudo-Ruíz, Marco Anyelo Cazarez-Barboza, Alexander Sanchez-Duque, and Daniel Aguilar for their help in the field and laboratory work. Anahi Aguilera appreciates the economic support of CONACYT for the master’s program fellowship.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Council of Science and Technology project CB-2016-283135 and the projects PAPIIT IA203713 and IN209218.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Anahi Aguilera

  2. Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Anahi Aguilera & Francisco Bautista

  3. Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Geofísica Unidad Michoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Juan Julio Morales & Avto Goguitchaichvili

  4. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Felipe García-Oliva

  5. Laboratorio de contaminación y salud ambiental. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Cynthia Armendariz-Arnez

  6. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Laboratorio Nacional de Nano y Biomateriales (LANNBIO), CINVESTAV Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Patricia Quintana

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  1. Anahi Aguilera
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  4. Felipe García-Oliva
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  5. Cynthia Armendariz-Arnez
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  6. Patricia Quintana
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  7. Francisco Bautista
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Anahi Aguilera performed material preparation, data collection, and analysis. Anahi Aguilera wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Francisco Bautista.

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Aguilera, A., Morales, J.J., Goguitchaichvili, A. et al. Spatial distribution of magnetic material in urban road dust classified by land use and type of road in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Air Qual Atmos Health 13, 951–963 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00851-5

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