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Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water and suspended particulate matter in the river Elbe and North Sea, Germany

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Abstract

The distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in the dissolved and particulate phase and their discharge from the river Elbe into the North Sea were studied. The PFCs quantified included C4-C8 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), C6 and C8 perfluorinated sulfinates (PFSiAs), C4-C12 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoro-3,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid (3,7m2-PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and n-ethyl perfluroctane sulfonamidoethanol (EtFOSE). PFCs were mostly distributed in the dissolved phase, where perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated with 2.9–12.5 ng/L. In the suspended particulate matter FOSA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) showed the highest concentrations (4.0 ng/L and 2.3 ng/L, respectively). The total flux of ΣPFCs from the river Elbe was estimated to be 802 kg/year for the dissolved phase and 152 kg/year for the particulate phase. This indicates that the river Elbe acts as a source of PFCs into the North Sea. However, the concentrations of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) in the North Sea were higher than that in the river Elbe, thus an alternative source must exist for these compounds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Coastal Research, GKSS Research Centre Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany

    Lutz Ahrens, Merle Plassmann, Zhiyong Xie & Ralf Ebinghaus

  2. Institute for Ecology and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany

    Lutz Ahrens

  3. Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden

    Merle Plassmann

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  1. Lutz Ahrens
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  2. Merle Plassmann
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Correspondence to Lutz Ahrens.

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Ahrens, L., Plassmann, M., Xie, Z. et al. Determination of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in water and suspended particulate matter in the river Elbe and North Sea, Germany. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China 3, 152–170 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-009-0021-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-009-0021-8

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