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Effects of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Parameters on Unsaturated Fatty Acid Yields of Pistacia terebinthus Berries

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Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

Utilization of renewable resources and development of new processes aimed at converting these materials into value added bio-products are gaining more emphasis. The scope of this study was to optimize supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE) parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow rate for the yields of unsaturated fatty acids from Pistacia terebinthus berries by a Box-Behnken statistical design. All samples were analyzed for fatty acids by GC-FID. The most effective variables were pressure (P < 0.005) and flow rate (P ≤ 0.005). Maximizing the evaluative criteria for dependent variables (oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid), optimal conditions were determined to be 240 bar, 60 °C and a flow rate of 16 g/min yielding 51.2% oleic acid, 26.5% linoleic acid and 1.0% linolenic acid. The amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in SFE samples (81.3%) were higher than the hexane (74.3%) and were similar to that of cold press samples (80.1%). High concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids can indicate the utilization of the berries as a major dietary source and demonstrate challenges for industrial application of SFE as a green technology.

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Acknowledgments

We thank to the Center for Drug R&D and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR) of Ege University for access to their facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Deniz Senyay-Oncel & Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Hasan Ertas

  3. Center for Drug R&D and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Hasan Ertas

Authors
  1. Deniz Senyay-Oncel
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  2. Hasan Ertas
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  3. Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
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Correspondence to Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas.

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Senyay-Oncel, D., Ertas, H. & Yesil-Celiktas, O. Effects of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Parameters on Unsaturated Fatty Acid Yields of Pistacia terebinthus Berries. J Am Oil Chem Soc 88, 1061–1069 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1753-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1753-0

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