Abstract
The present study was designed to determine if feeding steers extruded flaxseed and hay (25 and 75%; DM basis) together as a total mixed ration (TMR), or sequentially (non-TMR) would result in different enrichments of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) in beef adipose tissues [subcutaneous (SC) vs perirenal (PR) fat]. Forty-eight Angus cross steers (325 ± 16 kg) were stratified by weight to six pens, and pens were randomized to either TMR or non-TMR and fed ad libitum for an average of 242 days. The concentrations of α-linolenic acid increased by 18 mol% in both SC and PR in non-TMR steers compared to TMR steers (P < 0.01). trans 18:1 isomers were more concentrated in PR than SC (14.4 vs 9.5 mol%; P < 0.01) and increased by 10 mol% in both fat depots for non-TMR (P < 0.01). Other BHI including non-methylene-interrupted 18:2 (atypical dienes), conjugated linoleic acids and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) were affected by diet × tissue interactions (P < 0.01). The CLnA and CLA contents were higher in both fat depots when feeding the non-TMR, but the effect of diet was more pronounced in PR than in SC (P < 0.01). Atypical dienes were highest in PR from non-TMR and lowest in TMR fed steers (4.3 and 3.6 mol%) with SC contents being intermediate. The sequential feeding of lipid supplement can thus profoundly affect the enrichment of PUFA and their BHI in beef fat and their differentially enrichment is also fat depot dependant.
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Abbreviations
- ALA:
-
α-Linolenic acid
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- AD:
-
Atypical dienes
- BCFA:
-
Branched-chain fatty acids
- BHI:
-
Biohydrogenation intermediates
- c :
-
cis
- CLA:
-
Conjugated linoleic acid
- CLnA:
-
Conjugated linolenic acid
- DM:
-
Dry matter
- FA:
-
Fatty acids
- FAME:
-
Fatty acid methyl esters
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- HDL:
-
High density lipoproteins
- LDL:
-
Low density lipoproteins
- LNA:
-
Linoleic acid
- MUFA:
-
Monounsaturated fatty acids
- n-3:
-
Omega-3
- n-6:
-
Omega-6
- PR:
-
Perirenal
- PUFA:
-
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- RA:
-
Rumenic acid
- SC:
-
Subcutaneous
- SFA:
-
Saturated fatty acids
- TMR:
-
Total mixed ration
- t :
-
trans
- VA:
-
Vaccenic acid
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Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Alberta Meat and Livestock Agency (ALMA). The gift of linPRO-R™ from O&T Farms (Regina, SK, Canada) is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are extended to staff at the LaRDC Beef Unit for animal care, management and sample collection. The slaughter and processing of the cattle by the LaRDC abattoir staff is gratefully acknowledged, as are the contributions made by the meat grading and muscle biochemistry staff. Ms. I. L. Larsen is acknowledged for her valuable assistance in statistical analyses.
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Vahmani, P., Aalhus, J.L., Rolland, D.C. et al. Sequential Feeding of Lipid Supplement Enriches Beef Adipose Tissues with 18:3n-3 Biohydrogenation Intermediates. Lipids 52, 641–649 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-017-4259-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-017-4259-9