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Experimental study of stratified lean burn characteristics on a dual injection gasoline engine

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Abstract

Due to increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission regulation, improving thermal efficiency and reducing particulate matter emissions are two main issues for next generation gasoline engine. Lean burn mode could greatly reduce pumping loss and decrease the fuel consumption of gasoline engines, although the burning rate is decreased by higher diluted intake air. In this study, dual injection stratified combustion mode is used to accelerate the burning rate of lean burn by increasing the fuel concentration near the spark plug. The effects of engine control parameters such as the excess air coefficient (Lambda), direct injection (DI) ratio, spark interval with DI, and DI timing on combustion, fuel consumption, gaseous emissions, and particulate emissions of a dual injection gasoline engine are studied. It is shown that the lean burn limit can be extended to Lambda = 1.8 with a low compression ratio of 10, while the fuel consumption can be obviously improved at Lambda = 1.4. There exists a spark window for dual injection stratified lean burn mode, in which the spark timing has a weak effect on combustion. With optimization of the control parameters, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases 9.05% more than that of original stoichiometric combustion with DI as 2 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at a 2000 r/min engine speed. The NOx emissions before three-way catalyst (TWC) are 71.31% lower than that of the original engine while the particle number (PN) is 81.45% lower than the original engine. The dual injection stratified lean burn has a wide range of applications which can effectively reduce fuel consumption and particulate emissions. The BSFC reduction rate is higher than 5% and the PN reduction rate is more than 50% with the speed lower than 2400 r/min and the load lower than 5 bar.

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Abbreviations

SI:

Spark ignition

PFI:

Port fuel injection

GDI:

Gasoline direct injection

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure

TDC:

Top dead center

bTDC:

Before TDC

aINJ:

After injection timing

CA10:

Crank angle at 10% of total heat release

CA50:

Crank angle at 50% of total heat release

CA90:

Crank angle at 90% of total heat release

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

TWC:

Three way catalyst

GMD:

Geometric mean diameter

PM:

Particle mass

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Shanghai Automotive Industry Technology Development Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51861135303).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Chun Xia, Tingyu Zhao, Junhua Fang, Lei Zhu & Zhen Huang

Authors
  1. Chun Xia
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  2. Tingyu Zhao
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  3. Junhua Fang
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  4. Lei Zhu
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  5. Zhen Huang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Junhua Fang or Lei Zhu.

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Xia, C., Zhao, T., Fang, J. et al. Experimental study of stratified lean burn characteristics on a dual injection gasoline engine. Front. Energy 16, 900–915 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-021-0812-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-021-0812-6

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