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Genetic variation of wood tracheid traits and their relationships with growth and wood density in clones of Pinus tabuliformis

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Abstract

To improve wood quality for pulpwood industries, it is important to examine not only wood density but also its components, especially tracheid characteristics. We studied genetic variations in the following tracheid traits by earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW): tracheid length (TL), double wall thickness (WT), radial lumen diameter (R_D1), tangential lumen diameter (T_D1), radial central diameter (R_D2), and tangential central diameter (T_D2). We also studied the relationship with the following growth traits: diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), crown breadth south-north axis (NSC), crown breadth east–west axis (EWC), ring width (RW), latewood percentage (LWP), and wood density (WD). All sample materials were collected from a 33-year old clonal seed orchard of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. Genetic variation among clones was moderate for all tracheid traits, 9.49–26.03%. Clones significantly affected WT, R_D1, R_D2, T_D1, T_D2, and the two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 in EW but had no effects in LW. Clones significantly affected TL in LW but had no effects in EW. \( H\frac{2}{C} \) was higher in LW (0.50) than in EW (0.20) for TL, while \( H\frac{2}{C} \) was higher in EW (0.27–0.46) for other tracheid traits and the two ratios (TL/T_D2 and WT/R_D1) than in EW (0.06–0.22). WD and TL were significantly positively correlated, but WT and TL were negatively correlated both at individual and clone levels; all tracheid diameters and the four ratio values (EW_WT/R_D1, LW_WT/R_D1, EW_TL/T_D2 and LW_TL/T_D2), were strongly positively correlated with DBH, H, NSC, WEC and RW, and strongly negatively correlated with WD both at individual and clone levels. The most important variables for predicting WD were LW_TL, EW_WT and R_D1 in both EW and LW (r2 = 0.22). Selecting the top 10% of the clones by DBH would improve DBH growth by 12.19% (wood density was reduced by 0.14%) and produced similar responses between EW and LW for all tracheid traits: a reduction of 0.94 and 3.69% in tracheid length and increases in tracheid diameters (from 0.36 to 5.24%) and double wall thickness (0.07 and 0.87%). The two ratios WT/R_D1 and TL/T_D2 across tissues (EW and LW) declined 0.59 and 4.56%, respectively. The decreased tracheid length and the ratio between tracheid length and diameter is disadvantageous for pulp production. The unfavorable relationship of tracheid traits with wood density indicate that multiple trait selection using optimal economic weights and optimal breeding strategies are recommended for the current long-term breeding program for P. tabuliformis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Fangqun Ouyang & Junhui Wang

  2. Research Institute of Forestry of Xiaolong Mountain, Tianshui, 741020, Gansu, People’s Republic of China

    Jianwei Ma & Sanping An

  3. Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962, USA

    Yuhui Weng

Authors
  1. Fangqun Ouyang
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  2. Jianwei Ma
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  3. Sanping An
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  4. Junhui Wang
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  5. Yuhui Weng
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Junhui Wang.

Additional information

Project funding: This study was supported by “Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Chinese Academy of Forestry) (Grant No. TGB2016001)” “The Lecture and Study Program for Outstanding Scholars from Home and Abroad (Grant No. CAFYBB2011007)” “Continuation project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. CAFNSFC201601)”.

The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com

Corresponding editor: Tao Xu.

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Ouyang, F., Ma, J., An, S. et al. Genetic variation of wood tracheid traits and their relationships with growth and wood density in clones of Pinus tabuliformis . J. For. Res. 29, 1021–1030 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0483-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0483-7

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