Notes
For Card, the concepts of justification and excuse are closely connected: she defines the latter by reference to the former when she writes “by “morally excusable” I mean here not reduced responsibility but the existence of a good reason, a partial justification.” In this paper I follow her usage and do not investigate the difference between justification and excuse.
Note that the question-begging referred to here is different from the charge of question-begging that Card refers to, and disputes, in her article.
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Chambers, C. Torture as an Evil: Response to Claudia Card, “Ticking Bombs and Interrogation”. Criminal Law, Philosophy 2, 17–20 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-007-9037-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-007-9037-y