Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Psychomotor functions at various weeks of chronic renal failure in rats

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Cognitive Neurodynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In chronic renal failure there is a gradual retention of substances in the tissues and body fluids, called as uremic retention toxins, which can bring about a number of biochemical activities in the body. Chronic renal insufficiency also leads to progressive behavioural conflict. Uremic toxins can affect both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Uremic encephalopathy is also associated with problems in cognition and memory. To study the psychomotor functional disorders in rats with progressive chronic renal failure surgical nephrectomy was done by resection method. The animals were grouped into two control groups, Sham control (SC) and normal control (NC) and two uremic groups, moderate uremia (GM) and severe uremia (GS). Psychomotor analysis was done by passive avoidance and open field in these animals at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. After the incubation period, the nephrectomised groups (GM and GS) showed significant changes in exploratory, locomotor and emotional behaviour when compared to the controls (NC and SC). Psychomotor changes involve poor cognition, reduced memory, reduced locomotor activity and decreased exploratory drive and emotional disturbance like increased fear during the initial stages. During the later stages a restless behaviour was noticed, associated with diminished fear.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adolphs R, Cahill L, Schul R, Babinsky R (1997) Impaired declarative memory for emotional material following bilateral amygdala damage in humans. Learn Mem 4(3):291–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banchaabouchi AM, D’Hooge R, Marescau R, De Deyn PP (1999) Behavioural deficits during the acute phase of mild renal failure in mice. Metabol Brain Dis 14(3):173–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge KC (1989) Substantia nigra 6-OHDA lesions mimic striatopallidal disruption of syntactic grooming chains: a neural systems analysis of sequence control. Psychobiology 17:377–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Berridge KC, Aldridge JW (2000a) Super-stereotypy I: enhancement of a complex movement sequence by systemic dopamine D1 agonists. Synapse 37:194–204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge KC, Aldridge JW (2000b) Super-stereotypy II: enhancement of a complex movement sequence by intraventricular dopamine D1 agonists. Synapse 37:205–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge KC, Aldridge JW, Houchard KR, Zhuang X (2005) Sequential super-stereotypy of an instinctive fixed action pattern in hyperdopaminergic mutant mice: a model of obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette’s. BMC Biol 3(1):4

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolivar VJ, Danilchuk W, Fentress JC (1996) Separation of activation and pattern in grooming development of weaver mice. Behav Brain Res 75:49–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bressers WM, Kruk MR, Van Erp AM, Willekens-Bramer DC, Haccou P, Meelis E (1998) The hypothalamus: cross-roads of endocrine and behavioural regulation in grooming and aggression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 23:163–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brouns R, De Deyn PP (2004) Neurological complications in renal failure:a review. Clin Neurol Neurosurgery 107(1):1–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bures J, Buresova O, Huston JP (1983) Techniques and basic experiments for the study of brain and behavior, 2nd edn, Elsevier, New York, p 95–97, 148–160

  • Burn DJ, Bates D (1998) Neurology and the kidney. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 65(6):810–821

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cahill L, McGaugh JL (1998) Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory. Trends Neurosciences 21(7):294–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castellano C, Brioni JD, Nagahara AH, McGaugh JL (1989) Post-training systemic and intra-amygdala administration of the GABA-B agonist baclofen impairs retention. Behav Neural Biol 52:170–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cromwell HC, Berridge KC, Drago J, Levine MS (1998) Action sequencing is impaired in D1A-deficient mutant mice. Eur J Neurosci 10:2426–2432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davey A, Elias MF, Robbins MA, Seliger SL, Dore GA (2013) Decline in renal functioning is associated with longitudinal decline in global cognitive functioning, abstract reasoning and verbal memory. Nephrol Dial Transplant 28(7):1810–1819

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eguibar JR, Moyaho A (1997) Inhibition of grooming by pilocarpine differs in high- and low-yawning sublines of Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 58:317–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fentress JC (1988) Expressive contexts, fine structure and central mediation of rodent grooming. Ann NY Acad Sci 525:18–26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferry B, McGaugh JL (1999) Clenbuterol administration into the basolateral amygdala post-training enhances retention in an inhibitory avoidance task. Neurobiol Learn Mem 72:8–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferry B, Roozendaal B, McGaugh JL (1999) Involvement of 1α-adrenoceptors in the basolateral amygdala in modulation of memory storage. Eur J Pharmacol 372:9–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser CL, Arieff AI (1988) Nervous system complications in uremia. Ann Intern Med 109:143–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gould TD, Dao DT, Kovacsics CE (2009) The open field test. In: Gould TD (ed) Mood and anxiety related phenotypes in mice: characterization using behavioural tests. Neuromethods, vol 42. Humana Press, New York, pp 1–20

  • Hailpern SM, Melamed ML, Cohen HW, Hostetter TH (2007) Moderate chronic kidney disease and cognitive function in adults 20 to 59 years of age: third national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III). J Am Soc Nephrol 18:2205–2213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamann SB, Cahill L, McGaugh JL, Squire LR (1997) Intact enhancement of declarative memory of emotional material in amnesia. Learn Mem 4(3):301–309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horl WH (1998) Genesis of the uraemic syndrome: role of uraemic toxins. Wien Klin Wochenschr 110:511–520

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iype M, Upadhya S, Upadhya S, Bhat GK (2008) Modified uremic rat model – A tool for uremic studies in rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 23(4):401–403

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jassal SV, Devins GM, Chan CT, Bozanovic R, Rourke S (2006) Improvements in cognition in patients converting from thrice weekly hemodialysis to nocturnal hemodialysis: a longitudinal pilot study. Kidney Int 70:956–962

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeppson B, Freund HR, Gimmon Z, James JH, von Meyenfeld MF, Fisher J (1982) Blood-brain barrier de-rangement in uremic encephalopathy. Surgery 92:30–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan AV, Kiernan MC (2009) Neurological complications of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Neurol 5(10):542–545

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurella M, Yaffe K, Shlipak MG, Wenger NK, Chertow GM (2005a) Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment in menopausal women. Am J Kidney Dis 45:66–76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurella M, Chertow GM, Fried LF, Cummings SR, Harris T, Simonsick E, Satterfield S, Ayonayon H, Yaffe K (2005b) Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment in the elderly: the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:2127–2133

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang KC, Juler RG, McGaugh JL (1986) Modulating effects of post-training epinephrine on memory: involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system. Brain Res 368:125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang KC, McGaugh JL, Yao H-Y (1990) Involvement of amygdala pathways in the influence of post-training intra-amygdala norepinephrine and peripheral epinephrine on memory storage. Brain Res 508(2):225–233

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGaugh JL, Introini-Colison IB, Cahill LF, Castellano C, Dalmaz C, Parent MB, Williams CL (1993) Neuromodulatory systems and memory storage: role of the amygdala. Behav Brain Res 58:81–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGaugh JL, Cahill L, Parent MB, Mesches MH, Coleman-Mesches K, Salinas JA (1995) Involvement of the amygdala in the regulation of memory storage. In: McGaugh JL (ed) Plasticity in the central nervous system: Learning and memory. Erlbaum, Mahwah, pp 17–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Montinaro V, Iaffaldano GP, Granata S, Porcelli P, Todarello O, Schena FP, Pertosa G (2010) Emotional symptoms, quality of life and cytokine profile in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 73(1):36–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray AM, Tupper DE, Knopman DS, Gilbertson DT, Pederson SL, Li S, Smith GE, Hochhalter AK, Collins AJ, Kane RL (2006) Cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients is common. Neurology 67:216–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pestana M, Jardim H, Serrão P, Soares-da-Silva P, Guerra L (1988) Reduced Urinary Excretion of Dopamine and Metabolites in Chronic Renal Parenchymal Disease. Kidney and blood pressure research 21:59–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin NH, Fishman RA (1976) Neurologic disorders in renal failure II. N Engl J Med 294:204–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seliger SL, Siscovick DS, Stehman-Breen CO, Gillen DL, Fitzpatrick A, Bleyer A, Kuller LH (2004) Moderate renal impairment and risk of dementia among older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:1904–1911

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takashina K, Saito H, Nishiyama N (1995) Preferential impairment of avoidance performances in amygdala-lesioned mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 67(2):107–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Topczewska J, Tankiewicz A, Pawlak D, Buczko W (2001) Behavioral changes in the course of chronic renal insufficiency in rats. Polish journal of Pharcomology 53:263–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Umans JG, Pliskin NH (1998) Attention and mental processing speed in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 32:749–751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Erp AM, Kruk MR, Willekens-Bramer DC, Fermont PC, Nijsen MJ (1995) PVH lesions do not inhibit stressor-induced grooming in the rat. Physiol Behav 57:887–892

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willensky AE, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE (2000) The amygdale modulates consolidation of fear-motivated inhibitory avoidance learning but not classical fear conditioning. J Neurosci 201:7059–7066

    Google Scholar 

  • Yatzidis H, Koutiscos D, Agroyannis B, Papastephanidis C, Francos Plemenos M, Delatola Z (1984) Biotin in the management of uremic neurological disorders. Nephron 36:183–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to Manipal University for its contribution in the completion of this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Merin Iype Chandanathil.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chandanathil, M.I., Upadhya, S., Upadhya, S. et al. Psychomotor functions at various weeks of chronic renal failure in rats. Cogn Neurodyn 9, 201–211 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-014-9315-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-014-9315-z

Keywords

Navigation