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Field testing of one-way and two-way cyclic lateral responses of single and jet-grouting reinforced piles in soft clay

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Abstract

Piles supporting transmission towers, offshore structures (such as wind turbines), or infrastructures in seismic areas are frequently subjected to either one-way or two-way cyclic lateral loadings. Relatively little attention, however, has been paid to compare and understand the effects of different loading regimes (one-way or two-way cycling) on lateral responses of piles in soft clay. For this reason, a series of field tests in soft clay are carried out to compare one-way and two-way cyclic responses of single piles and of jet-grouting reinforced piles. The field tests reveal that the single pile subjected to two-way cycling experiences much more rapid degradation in lateral stiffness and capacity, but accumulates much smaller residual pile deflection (δ p), than the single pile under one-way cycling. This is because the reverse part of the two-way cycling also generates plastic strain, causing additional softening and strength reduction in the soil surrounding the pile. After each cycling, non-zero bending moment (i.e. locked in moment, or M L) is retained in the single piles, and the M L increases with the δ p. The one-way cycling leads to two times larger M L than the two-way cycling, as it causes greater δ p. The maximum M L in the pile after one-way cycling can be up to 40% of the maximum bending moment induced during the previous cyclic loading stage. After application of jet-grouting surrounding the upper part of the single pile, it greatly reduces degradation of lateral pile stiffness, accumulation of δ p and therefore development of M L. Compared to the field measurements, the API (API RP 2A-WSD, recommended practice for planning, designing, and constructing fixed offshore platform-working stress design, 21st edn. API, Washington, 2000) code underestimates the lateral stiffness of the pile under one-way cycling, while overestimates that of the pile under two-way cycling, leading to a non-conservative prediction of bending moment in the latter pile.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports provided by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 51325901), International S&T Cooperation Program of China (Grant No. 2015DFE72830), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51408540) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2016QN4022).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Offshore Geotechnics and Material of Zhejiang Province, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Ben He, Lizhong Wang & Yi Hong

  2. Power China Hua Dong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, China

    Ben He

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  1. Ben He
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  3. Yi Hong
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Correspondence to Yi Hong.

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He, B., Wang, L. & Hong, Y. Field testing of one-way and two-way cyclic lateral responses of single and jet-grouting reinforced piles in soft clay. Acta Geotech. 12, 1021–1034 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-016-0515-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-016-0515-z

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