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Biochar amendment of chromium-polluted paddy soil suppresses greenhouse gas emissions and decreases chromium uptake by rice grain

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Soils and Sediments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Soil chromium (Cr) pollution has received substantial attention owing to related food chain health risks and possible promotion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The aim of the present study was to develop a promising remediation technology to alleviate Cr bioavailability and decrease GHG emissions in Cr-polluted paddy soil.

Materials and methods

We investigated the potential role of biochar amendment in decreasing soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions, as well in reducing Cr uptake by rice grains at application rates of 0 t ha−1 (CK), 20 t ha−1 (BC20), and 40 t ha−1 (BC40) in Cr-polluted paddy soil in southeastern China. In addition, the soil aggregate size distribution, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration of soil aggregates, soil available Cr concentration, and rice yield were analyzed after harvesting.

Results and discussion

Biochar amendment significantly reduced CO2, CH4, and N2O emission fluxes. Compared to CK, total C emissions in the BC20 and BC40 treatments decreased by 9.94% and 17.13% for CO2-C, by 30.46% and 37.10% for CH4-C, and by 34.24% and 37.49% for N2O-N, respectively. Biochar amendment increased the proportion of both the 2000–200 μm and 200–20 μm size fractions in the soil aggregate distribution. Accordingly, the organic carbon concentration of these fractions increased, which increased the total SOC. Moreover, biochar amendment significantly decreased soil available Cr concentration and total Cr content of the rice grains by 33.6% and 14.81% in BC20 and 48.1% and 33.33% in BC40, respectively. Rice yield did not differ significantly between biochar amendment treatment and that of CK.

Conclusions

Biochar application reduced GHG emissions in paddy soil, which was attributed to its comprehensive effect on the soil properties, soil microbial community, and soil aggregates, as well as on the mobility of Cr. Overall, the present study demonstrates that biochar has a great potential to enhance soil carbon sequestration while reducing Cr accumulation in rice grains from Cr-polluted rice paddies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China (ZJNSF, Project No. LY14D030001 and No. LY17D010003), Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (Project 2016C33041), Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (Project No.S20160002), and the High-End Foreign Experts Program of China (GDW201443300020) for their partial funding support of this study. We would like to thank Editage [www.editage.cn] for English language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China

    Jiangmin Zhou, Hualin Chen, Yueliang Tao, Ronald W. Thring & Jianliang Mao

  2. Environmental Science and Engineering Programs, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada

    Ronald W. Thring

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  1. Jiangmin Zhou
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  2. Hualin Chen
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Correspondence to Jiangmin Zhou.

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Zhou, J., Chen, H., Tao, Y. et al. Biochar amendment of chromium-polluted paddy soil suppresses greenhouse gas emissions and decreases chromium uptake by rice grain. J Soils Sediments 19, 1756–1766 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2170-5

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