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Age-dependent modifications in vascular adhesion molecules and apoptosis after 48-h reperfusion in a rat global cerebral ischemia model

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Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability in the elderly. However, most of the experimental studies on stroke are based on young animals, and we hypothesised that age can substantially affect the stroke response. The two-vessel occlusion model of global ischemia by occluding the common carotid arteries for 15 min at 40 mmHg of blood pressure was carried out in 3- and 18-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats. The adhesion molecules E- and P-selectin, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), both intercellular (ICAM-1) and vascular (VCAM-1), as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cleaved caspase-3 were measured at 48 h after ischemia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus using Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence techniques. Diametric expression of GFAP and a different morphological pattern of caspase-3 labelling, although no changes in the cell number, were observed in the neurons of young and old animals. Expression of E-selectin and CAMs was also modified in an age- and ischemia/reperfusion-dependent manner. The hippocampus and cerebral cortex had similar response patterns for most of the markers studied. Our data suggest that old and young animals present different time-courses of neuroinflammation and apoptosis after ischemic damage. On the other hand, these results suggest that neuroinflammation is dependent on age rather than on the different vulnerability described for the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These differences should be taken into account in searching for therapeutic targets.

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Abbreviations

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CA:

Cornu Ammonis

CAM:

Cellular adhesion molecules

DABCO:

1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

I/R:

Ischemia/reperfusion

ICAM:

Intercellular adhesion molecule

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PFA:

Paraformaldehyde

PBST:

Buffer sodium phosphate with Triton X-100

TBST:

Tris-buffered saline 50 mM with Tween-20 0.2 %

VCAM:

Vascular adhesion molecule

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Marta Fernandez Caso from the University of Leon for technical support and personal help. This study was supported by Junta of Castilla of León (LE184A12-2). Diego Pérez Rodríguez is granted by Junta de Castilla y León (EDU/346/2013)

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain

    Berta Anuncibay-Soto, Diego Pérez-Rodríguez, Irene L Llorente & Arsenio Fernández-López

  2. Área de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain

    Marta Regueiro-Purriños & José Manuel Gonzalo-Orden

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  1. Berta Anuncibay-Soto
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  2. Diego Pérez-Rodríguez
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  3. Irene L Llorente
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  5. José Manuel Gonzalo-Orden
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  6. Arsenio Fernández-López
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Correspondence to Arsenio Fernández-López.

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Anuncibay-Soto, B., Pérez-Rodríguez, D., Llorente, I.L. et al. Age-dependent modifications in vascular adhesion molecules and apoptosis after 48-h reperfusion in a rat global cerebral ischemia model. AGE 36, 9703 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-014-9703-7

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