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Coordinated effects of lead toxicity and nutrient deprivation on growth, oxidative status, and elemental composition of primed and non-primed rice seedlings

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Abstract

Rice crop is highly susceptible to the toxic levels of lead (Pb) during early growth stages. Moreover, a sufficient availability of mineral nutrients is critical for survival of plants particularly under stressful conditions. An experiment was carried out to unravel the coordinated effects of Pb stress (1-mM PbCl2) and different nutrient treatments (sufficient nutrient supply, nitrogen (N) deprivation, phosphorus (P) deprivation, and potassium (K) deprivation) on morphological growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, and nutrient status in primed and non-primed rice seedlings. Seeding were primed with distilled water, 60-μM selenium, or 100-mg L−1 salicylic acid. Results indicated that Pb toxicity did not affect the root growth, but severely reduced the shoot growth (length and biomass) of rice in N- or P-deprived seedlings. Rice seedlings grown with sufficient supply of nutrients or K-deprivation showed no growth reduction under Pb toxicity. Exposure of Pb stress triggered the production of ROS (H2O2, O2˙−, OH−) and lipid peroxidation rate particularly under N- or P-deprivation. Moreover, the shoot accumulations of macronutrients (P in particular) were also restricted under Pb toxicity. Seed priming treatments effectively alleviated the undesirable effects of Pb stress on rice growth. The primed rice seedlings showed minimal oxidative damage caused by excessive generation of ROS under Pb stress and/or nutrient deprivation. Seed priming strengthened the antioxidative defense system of rice seedlings by regulating the activities/levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione in rice leaves. Moreover, better accumulation of essential nutrients in primed rice seedlings prevented the excess uptake and translocation of Pb, as evident by the lowered shoot accumulation of Pb.

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Funding

We acknowledge the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (Project Nos. 201103005 and 201503122).

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Author notes

  1. Fahad Khan and Saddam Hussain contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Fahad Khan, Saddam Hussain & Mingjian Geng

  2. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Saddam Hussain

  3. Tasmania Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

    Mohsin Tanveer

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Sehrish Khan

  5. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

    Hafiz Athar Hussain

  6. Department of Agriculture Research, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Biland Iqbal

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  1. Fahad Khan
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  4. Sehrish Khan
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  7. Mingjian Geng
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Correspondence to Fahad Khan or Mingjian Geng.

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Khan, F., Hussain, S., Tanveer, M. et al. Coordinated effects of lead toxicity and nutrient deprivation on growth, oxidative status, and elemental composition of primed and non-primed rice seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 21185–21194 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2262-1

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