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Effectiveness of carbon dioxide against different developmental stages of Cadra cautella and Tribolium castaneum

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Abstract

Methyl bromide is an excellent fumigant but has been banned because it has high potential for depleting the ozone layer which leads to many environmental and human health hazard issues. In this connection, effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2, 99.9%) was studied as an alternative to methyl bromide under various exposure timings, 25 ± 1 °C, against different developmental stages of the almond moth, Cadra cautella, and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In case of C. cautella, the LT99 against adult, pupa, and larval stages was achieved after 37.5, 78.1, and 99.9 h of CO2 application, respectively. While for T. castaneum, the LT99 values were obtained after exposure timings of 29.3, 153.9, and 78.4 h against adult, pupa, and larval stages, respectively. Adults were very susceptible; in contrast, pupae and larvae were more tolerant. The susceptibility order was observed as follows: T. castaneum adult > C. cautella adult > C. cautella pupae > T. castaneum larvae > C. cautella larvae > T. castaneum pupae. This study could be useful in developing the management strategies to prevent stored dates from C. cautella and T. castaneum infestation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this Research group NO (RGP-1438-009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Economic Entomology Research Unit, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mureed Husain, Sukirno Sukirno, Khalid Mehmood, Muhammad Tufail, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool & Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood

  2. Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Sukirno Sukirno

  3. Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Muhammad Tufail & Khawaja Ghulam Rasool

  4. National Center for Agricultural Technology (NCAT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Waleed Saleh Alwaneen

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  1. Mureed Husain
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  2. Sukirno Sukirno
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  3. Khalid Mehmood
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  4. Muhammad Tufail
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  5. Khawaja Ghulam Rasool
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  6. Waleed Saleh Alwaneen
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  7. Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood
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Correspondence to Mureed Husain.

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Husain, M., Sukirno, S., Mehmood, K. et al. Effectiveness of carbon dioxide against different developmental stages of Cadra cautella and Tribolium castaneum . Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 12787–12795 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8860-5

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