Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Using Optical Interferometry to Restart the Ring-Core Method

  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Residual stresses are a well-known technical problem because they add to the stress field induced by external loads, thus causing mechanical components to fail at a load level significantly lower than expected. Of the various techniques developed to measure them, the ring-core method is one of the few which in principle can be restarted (by removing the core and re-installing the strain gauge rosette). Thus, it is theoretically able to measure residual stress at significantly greater depth than other methods. Although the idea is interesting, its practical implementation is quite difficult: in particular, re-installing the rosette and re-wiring is almost impossible when depth becomes significant, thus the incremental measurement is more a theoretical possibility than a real experimental approach. In this work we propose to replace the strain gauge rosette with an optical (interferometric) technique. In this way the incremental approach becomes viable, although, depending on the optical technique used, some practical problems have to be addressed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. In the work by Li and Ren the strain gauge rosette is simply replaced by an optical rosette (a punctual sensor); no attempt is made to take advantage of the huge data redundancy made possible by the full field measurement.

  2. Actually, in the in-plane case sensitivity does not depend on the viewing angle, thus the camera could be located off-axis. But this implies a distorted image of the core; moreover, this approach cannot be used in the incremental case, thus it will not be considered here.

  3. Removing rigid body motion requires performing phase unwrapping and subtracting the best fitting plane. However, to simplify the comparison, the phase fields obtained have been re-wrapped

  4. The adjustment is required to match the imaged area with the location of the origin in the CNC milling machine. Note that this operation has to be performed (obviously using a sacrificial specimen) before the real experiment: the simplest way to correctly locate the waveguide is to mill a ring in the specimen and observe it through the waveguide.

  5. Indeed, the experimental protocol can be viewed as a series of standard residual stress measurements, intermixed by removal of core and the translation of the setup.

References

  1. ASTM E1426 98(2009)e1. Standard test method for determining the effective elastic parameter for x-ray diffraction measurements of residual stress. Technical report, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 1998. doi:10.1520/E1426-98R09E01

  2. ASTM E837-08e1. Standard test method for determining residual stresses by the hole-drilling strain-gage method. , American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008. doi:10.1520/E0837-08E01

  3. Ajovalasit A, Petrucci G, Zuccarello B (1996) Determination of nonuniform residual stresses using the ring-core method. J Eng Mater Technol 118(2):224–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lin ST, Hsieh C-T, Lee CK (1995) Full field phase-shifting holographic blind-hole techniques for in-plane residual stress detection. In: Honda T (ed) International Conference on Applications of Optical Holography, volume 2577 of Proceedings of SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, pp 226–237

  5. Nelson DV, McCrickerd JT (1986) Residual-stress determination through combined use of holographic interferometry and blind hole drilling. Exp Mech 26:371–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nelson DV, Makino A, Fuchs EA (1997) The holographic-hole drilling method for residual stress determination. Opt Lasers Eng 27:3–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Steinzig M, Hayman G, Rangaswamy P (2001) Data reduction methods for digital holographic residual stress measurement. In: Proceedings of the 2001 SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Portland, OR

  8. Wu Z, Lu J, Bongtae H (1998) Study of residual stress distribution by a combined method of moiré interferometry and incremental hole drilling, part i: theory. J Appl Mech 65(4):837–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wu Z, Lu J (2000) Study of surface residual stress by three-dimensional displacement data at a single point in hole drilling method. J Eng Mater Technol 122(2):215–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Schwarz RC, Kutt LM, Papazian JM (2000) Measurement of residual stress using interferometric moiré: a new insight. Exp Mech 40(3):271–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bulhak J, Lu J, Montay G, Surrel Y, Vautrin A (2000) Grating shearography and its application to residual stress evaluation. In: Jacquot P, Fournier JM (eds) Interferometry in speckle light: Theory and Applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 607–614

  12. Vikram CS, Pechersky MJ, Feng C, Engelhaupt D (1996) Residual-stress analysis by local laser heating and speckle-correlation interferometry. Exp Tech 20(6):27–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang J, Chong TC (1998) Fiber electronic speckle pattern interferometry and its applications in residual stress measurements. Appl Opt 37(27):6707–6715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Diaz FV, Kaufmann GH, Galizzi GE (2000) Determination of residual stresses using hole drilling and digital speckle pattern interferometry with automated data analysis. Opt Lasers Eng 33(1):39–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Albertazzi A Jr., Kanda C, Borges MR, Hrebabetzky F (2000) A radial in-plane interferometer for espi measurement. In: Kujawinska M, Pryputniewicz RJ, Takeda M (eds) Laser interferometry X. Techniques and Analysis, volume 4101 of Proceedings of SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, pp 77–88

  16. Focht G, Schiffner K (2002) Numerical processing of measured full-field displacement data around holes for residual stress determination. In: Mang HA, Rammerstorfer FG, Eberhrdsteiner J (eds) Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics, Vienna, Austria

  17. Baldi A, Jacquot P (2003) Residual stresses investigations in composite samples by speckle interferometry and specimen repositioning. In: Gastinger K, Lkberg OJ, Winther S (eds) Speckle Metrology 2003, volume 4933 of Proceedings of SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, pp 141–148

  18. Steinzig M, Ponslet E (2003) Residual stress measurement using the hole drilling method and laser speckle interferometry: part i. Exp Techn 27(3):43–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ponslet E, Steinzig M (2003) Residual stress measurement using the hole drilling method and laser speckle interferometry part ii: analysis technique. Exp Techn 27(4):17–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Schajer GS, Steinzig M (2005) Full-field calculation of hole drilling residual stresses from electronic speckle pattern interferometry data. Exp Mech 45(6):526–532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Baldi A (2005) A new analytical approach for hole drilling residual stress analysis by full field method. J Eng Mater Technol 127(2):165–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Schajer GS (2010) Advances in hole-drilling residual stress measurements. Exp Mech 50(2):159–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lord JD, Penn D, Whitehead P (2008) The application of digital image correlation for measuring residual stress by incremental hole drilling. Appl Mech Mater 13:65–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Schajer GS, Winiarski B, Withers PJ (2013) Hole-drilling residual stress measurement with artifact correction using full-field DIC. Exp Mech 53(2):255–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Baldi A (2014) Residual stress measurement using hole drilling and integrated digital image correlation techniques. Exp Mech 54(3):379–391. doi:10.1007/s11340-013-9814-6

  26. Baldi A (2014) Residual stress analysis of orthotropic materials using integrated digital image correlation. Exp Mech 54(7):1279–1292. doi:10.1007/s11340-014-9859-1

  27. Li K, Ren W (2007) Application of miniature ring-core and interferometric strain/slope rosette to determine residual stress distribution with depth. part i: Theories. J Appl Mech 74(2):298–306

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Ren W, Li K (2007) Application of miniature ring-core and interferometric strain/slope rosette to determine residual stress distribution with depth. part ii: Experiments. J Appl Mech 74(2):307–314

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Korsunsky AM, Sebastiani M, Bemporad E (2010) Residual stress evaluation at the micrometer scale Analysis of thin coatings by fib milling and digital image correlation. Surf Coat Technol 205(7):2393–2403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zuccarello B (1996) Optimization of depth increment distribution in the ring-core method. J Strain Anal Eng Des 31(4):251– 258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bender N, Hofer G, Lenz O, Stücker E Method of determining internal stresses in structural members, 1979. US Patent 4155264

  32. Leendertz JA (1970) Interferometric displacement measurement on scattering surfaces utilizing speckle effect. J Phys E Sci Inst 3(3):214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Baldi A (2007) Full field methods and residual stress analysis in orthotropic material. i linear approach. Journal of Solids and Structures 44(25–26):8229–8243. ISSN 0020-7683. doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.06.012

  34. Baldi A (2003) Phase unwrapping by region growing. Appl Opt 42(14):2498–2505

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo, 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy

    Antonio Baldi

Authors
  1. Antonio Baldi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio Baldi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Baldi, A. Using Optical Interferometry to Restart the Ring-Core Method. Exp Mech 56, 1191–1202 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-016-0163-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-016-0163-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation