Abstract
In the food industry, the development of microbial biofilms is a serious problem that leads to the contamination and deterioration of food products. To overcome that, our aim consists of searching for natural antimicrobial and non-toxic compounds (essential oils EOs), which might be used alone or adsorbed on natural biopolymer films (chitosan). In this work, the antioxidant activity of eight EOs was evaluated by DPPH radical-scavenging method while their antibacterial activity was determined by diffusion on agar and microdilution methods. Among all tested EOs, Eugenia caryophyllus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume and Thymus satureioides Cosson showed high antioxidant activities at the concentration of 25.6 mg/mL, with respective values of (86.26%, 81.75%, and 76%), and strong antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus hirae, with (MIC) values ≤ 4 µL/mL. At the concentration of 1 µL/mL, these EOs tested alone, showed values of antibiofilm-forming activity ranging from 79.43 to 99.33% and from 44.18 to 94.17%, when they are adsorbed onto chitosan film. These promising results confirm that these three EOs have a good potential for an eventual application in the food industry, as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, or as active biodegradable food packaging, if combined with chitosan.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aaron SD, Ferris W, Ramotar K, Vandemheen K, Chan F, Saginur R (2002) Single and combination antibiotic susceptibilities of planktonic, adherent, and biofilm-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cultured from sputa of adults with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 40(11):4172–4179. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.4172-4179.2002
Ait-Ouazzou A, Lorán S, Arakrak A, Laglaoui A, Rota C, Herrera A, Pagán R, Conchello P (2012) Evaluation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea, and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco. Food Res Int 45(1):313–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.004
Akinyemi K, Oluwa O, Omomigbehin E (2006) Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of three medicinal plants used in south-west Nigerian folk medicine on some food borne bacterial pathogens. Afr J Tradit Complem Altern Med 3(4):13–22. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v3i4.31173
Alibi S, Selma WB, Ramos-Vivas J, Smach MA, Touati R, Boukadida J, Navas J, Mansour HB (2020) Anti-oxidant, antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of four essential oils against multidrug-resistant bacterial clinical isolates. J Curr Res Transl Med 68(2):59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retram.2020.01.001
Alizadeh Behbahani B, Falah F, Lavi Arab F, Vasiee M, Yazdi Tabatabaee, FJE-bc, medicine a. (2020) Chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil. Evid Based Complem Alternat Med 2020:5190603. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5190603
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK (2016) Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: a review. J Pharm Anal 6(2):71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
Bjarnsholt T, Jensen PØ, Fiandaca MJ, Pedersen J, Hansen CR, Andersen CB, Pressler T, Givskov M, Høiby N (2009) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients. Pediatr Pulmonol 44(6):547–558. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.21011
Boukhraz A, Elhartiti H, Barrahi M, Sedki H, Elayne N, Lakhrissi B, Rhaiem N, Ouhssine M (2016) Evaluation of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of essential oil of Thymus Satureioides. Int J Res Stud Sci Eng Technol 3(3):24–28
Braga L, Shupp J, Cummings C, Jett M, Takahashi J, Carmo L, Chartone-Souza E, Nascimento A (2005) Pomegranate extract inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth and subsequent enterotoxin production. J Ethnopharmacol 96(1–2):335–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.034
Carocho M, Barreiro MF, Morales P, Ferreira IC (2014) Adding molecules to food, pros and cons: a review on synthetic and natural food additives. Comprehens Rev Food Sci Food Saf 13(4):377–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12065
Ceri H, Olson M, Stremick C, Read R, Morck D, Buret A (1999) The Calgary Biofilm Device: new technology for rapid determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacterial biofilms. J Clin Microbiol 37(6):1771–1776. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.37.6.1771-1776.1999
Chraibi M, Farah A, Balouiri M, Barkai H, Sadiki M, BENBRAHIM KF. (2016) Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of Moroccan Pelargonium asperum essential oil. J Appl Pharm Sci 6(12):042–046. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2016.601206
Cox S, Gustafson J, Mann C, Markham J, Liew YC, Hartland R, Bell HC, Warmington J, Wyllie SG (1998) Tea tree oil causes K+ leakage and inhibits respiration in Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 26(5):355–358. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00348.x
De Lisi A, Tedone L, Montesano V, Sarli G, Negro DJFC (2011) Chemical characterisation of Thymus populations belonging from Southern Italy. Food Chem 125(4):1284–1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.011
Denkova-Kostova R, Teneva D, Tomova T, Goranov B, Denkova Z, Shopska V, Slavchev A, Hristova-Ivanova Y (2021) Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from tangerine (Citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.), lemon (Citrus lemon L.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 76(5–6):175–185. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2020-0126
Devi KP, Nisha SA, Sakthivel R, Pandian SK (2010) Eugenol (an essential oil of clove) acts as an antibacterial agent against Salmonella typhi by disrupting the cellular membrane. J Ethnopharmacol 130(1):107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.025
Dudonne S, Vitrac X, Coutiere P, Woillez M, Mérillon J-M (2009) Comparative study of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of 30 plant extracts of industrial interest using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD, and ORAC assays. J Agric Food Chem 57(5):1768–1774. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803011r
El-Bakkal SE, Zeroual S, Elouazkiti M, Mansori M, Bouamama H, Zehhar N, El-Kaoua M (2020) Comparison of yield chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils obtained from thymus pallidus and thymus satureioides Coss. grown in wild and cultivated conditions in Morocco. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 23(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2019.1708216
El Bouzidi L, Jamali CA, Bekkouche K, Hassani L, Wohlmuth H, Leach D, Abbad A (2013) Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils obtained from wild and cultivated Moroccan Thymus species. Ind Crops Prod 43:450–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.063
El Maaloum S, Elabed A, Alaoui-Talibi ZE, Meddich A, Filali-Maltouf A, Douira A, Ibnsouda-Koraichi S, Amir S, El Modafar C (2020) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria consortia associated with phospho-compost on phosphorus solubilization and growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.). J Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 51(5):622–634. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1729376
Fachini-Queiroz FC, Kummer R, Estevao-Silva CF, Carvalho MDdB, Cunha JM, Grespan R, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RKNJE-BC, Medicine A (2012) Effects of thymol and carvacrol, constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil, on the inflammatory response. Evid Based Complem Altern Med 2012:10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/657026
Faleiro ML (2011) The mode of antibacterial action of essential oils. Sci Against Microb Pathog 2:1143–1156
Fancello F, Petretto GL, Zara S, Sanna ML, Addis R, Maldini M, Foddai M, Rourke JP, Chessa M, Pintore G (2016) Chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity against food related microorganisms of Citrus limon var. pompia leaf essential oil. LWT Food Sci Technol 69:579–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.018
Firmino DF, Cavalcante TT, Gomes GA, Firmino N, Rosa LD, de Carvalho MG, Catunda FE Jr (2018) Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Cinnamomum sp essential oil and cinnamaldehyde: antimicrobial activities. J Sci World J. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7405736
Gachkar L, Yadegari D, Rezaei MB, Taghizadeh M, Astaneh SA, Rasooli I (2007) Chemical and biological characteristics of Cuminum cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils. Food Chem 102(3):898–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.035
Gill AO, Holley RA (2004) Mechanisms of bactericidal action of cinnamaldehyde against Listeria monocytogenes and of eugenol against L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus sakei. Appl Environ Microbiol 70(10):5750–5755. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.10.5750-5755.2004
Gülçin İ, Elmastaş M, Aboul-Enein HY (2012) Antioxidant activity of clove oil—a powerful antioxidant source. Arab J Chem 5(4):489–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.09.016
Gutiérrez TJJCD, composites, applications. (2017) Chitosan applications for the food industry. Chitosan. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119364849.ch8
Hayatgheib N, Fournel C, Calvez S, Pouliquen H, Moreau E (2020) In vitro antimicrobial effect of various commercial essential oils and their chemical constituents on Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. J Appl Microbiol. 129(1):137–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14622
Hazzit M, Baaliouamer A, Veríssimo A, Faleiro M, Miguel MGJFC (2009) Chemical composition and biological activities of Algerian Thymus oils. Food Chem 116(3):714–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.018
Huang J, Yang L, Zou Y, Luo S, Wang X, Liang Y, Du Y, Feng R, Wei Q (2021) Antibacterial activity and mechanism of three isomeric terpineols of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaf oil. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 66(1):59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-020-00818-0
Ib J, Karim Moharam BA, Santhanam J, Jamal JAJPB (2008) Correlation between chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of eight cinnamomum. Species Pharm Biol 46(6):406–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200802055859
Johnson DR, Decker EA (2015) The role of oxygen in lipid oxidation reactions: a review. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 6:171–190. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015532
Ju J, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W (2019a) Antibacterial activities of bayberry extract on foodborne pathogens and identification of its active components. J Food Agric Immunol 30(1):385–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2019.1589427
Ju J, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W (2019b) Application of edible coating with essential oil in food preservation. J Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(15):2467–2480. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1456402
Ju J, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W (2019c) The inhibitory effect of plant essential oils on foodborne pathogenic bacteria in food. J Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(20):3281–3292. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1488159
Ju J, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W (2020) Application of starch microcapsules containing essential oil in food preservation. J Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60(17):2825–2836. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1503590
Ju J, Yao W, Sun S, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Xie Y (2018) Assessment of the antibacterial activity and the main bacteriostatic components from bayberry fruit extract. J Int J Food Propert 21(1):1043–1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2018.1479861
Kasrati A, Jamali CA, Fadli M, Bekkouche K, Hassani L, Wohlmuth H, Leach D, Abbad A (2014) Antioxidative activity and synergistic effect of Thymus saturejoides Coss. essential oils with cefixime against selected food-borne bacteria. Ind Crops Prod 61:338–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.024
Kerekes EB, Vidács A, Takó M, Petkovits T, Vágvölgyi C, Horváth G, Balázs VL, Krisch J (2019) Anti-biofilm effect of selected essential oils and main components on mono-and polymicrobic bacterial cultures. J Microorg 7(9):345. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7090345
Khan F, Pham DTN, Oloketuyi SF, Manivasagan P, Oh J, Kim Y-MJC, Biointerfaces SB (2020) Chitosan and their derivatives: antibiofilm drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 185:110627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110627
Khanafari A, Marandi R, Sanati S (2008) Recovery of chitin and chitosan from shrimp waste by chemical and microbial methods. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 5:1–24
Kiranasari A, Bonita A, Melina E, Winston K, Baht N, Sutandi N, Ernawati B, Ningsih I, Fithriya SF (2018) Efficacy of medicinal plants against biofilm forming bacteria playing important role in multidrug resistance. Int J Biol Pharm Allied Sci 7(8):178–182
Kotan R, Kordali S, Cakir A (2007) Screening of antibacterial activities of twenty-one oxygenated monoterpenes. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung c 62(7–8):507–513. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-7-808
Kryvtsova M, Salamon I, Koscova J, Bucko D, Spivak M (2019) Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and biochemichal properties of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against clinical isolates of opportunistic infections. Biosyst Divers 27(3):270–275. https://doi.org/10.15421/011936
Lalami AEO, Fouad E-A, Ouedrhiri W, Chahdi FO, Guemmouh R, Greche HJLtdl. (2013). Composition chimique et activité antibactérienne des huiles essentielles de deux plantes aromatiques du centre nord marocain: Thymus vulagris et Thymus satureioïdis. Les Technologies De Laboratoire. 8(31).
Lalami AEO, Moukhafi K, Bouslamti R, Lairini S (2019) Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant effects of cinnamon and clove essential oils from Madagascar. Mater Today 13:762–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.038
Leceta I, Guerrero P, La Caba De, KJCp. (2013) Functional properties of chitosan-based films. Carbohydr Polym 93(1):339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.031
Lee H, Yoon YJFSoAR. (2021). Etiological agents implicated in foodborne illness world wide. 41(1):1. doi:https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2020.e75.
Lee J-H, Lee B-K, Kim J-H, Lee S-H, Hong S-K (2009) Comparison of chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from three conifer trees; Pinus densiflora, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa. J Microbiol Biotechnol 19(4):391–396. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.0803.191
Li L, Shi C, Yin Z, Jia R, Peng L, Kang S, Li Z (2014) Antibacterial activity of α-terpineol may induce morphostructural alterations in Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol 45(4):1409–1413. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822014000400035
Li X, Farid M (2016) A review on recent development in non-conventional food sterilization technologies. J Food Eng 182:33–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.02.026
Limam Z, Selmi S, Sadok S, Abed El, AJAjob. (2011) Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from crustacean by-products: Biological and physicochemical properties. Afr J Biotech 10(4):640–647. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.209
Longbottom CJ, Carson CF, Hammer KA, Mee BJ, Riley TV (2004) Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil is associated with the outer membrane and energy-dependent cellular processes. J Antimicrob Chemother 54(2):386–392. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh359
Luís Â, Neiva D, Pereira H, Gominho J, Domingues F, Duarte AP (2014) Stumps of Eucalyptus globulus as a source of antioxidant and antimicrobial polyphenols. Molecules 19(10):16428–16446. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191016428
Maimulyanti A, Prihadi AR, Rosita T, Safrudin IJS (2019) Adsorption and recovery of aroma compounds from wastewater of clove oil distillation using coffee husk biosorbent. Science Asia 45(5):446–451. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2019.45.446
Millezi AF, Costa KAD, Oliveira JM, Lopes SP, Pereira MO, Piccoli RH (2019) Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of cinnamon essential oil and eugenol. Cienc Rural. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180314
Modarresi Chahardehi A, Ibrahim D, Fariza SS (2010) Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and toxicity test of Pilea microphylla. Int J Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/826830
Möllenbeck S, König T, Schreier P, Schwab W, Rajaonarivony J, Ranarivelo LJF, journal f. (1997) Chemical composition and analyses of enantiomers of essential oils from Madagascar. Flavour Fragrance J 12(2):63–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1026(199703)12:2%3c63::aid-ffj614%3e3.0.co;2-z
Mostafa AA, Al-Askar AA, Almaary KS, Dawoud TM, Sholkamy EN, Bakri MM (2018) Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 25(2):361–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.02.004
Murbach Teles Andrade BF, Nunes Barbosa L, da Silva PI, Fernandes JA (2014) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils. J Essent Oil Res 26(1):34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.860409
Muxika A, Etxabide A, Uranga J, Guerrero P, La Caba De, KJIJoBM. (2017) Chitosan as a bioactive polymer: processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 105:1358–1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.087
Nassar MI, Gaara AH, El-Ghorab AH, Farrag A, Shen H, Huq E, Mabry TJJRLdQ (2007) Chemical constituents of clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Fam. Myrtaceae) and their antioxidant activity. Rev Latinoam Quim. 35(3):47
No HK, Park NY, Lee SH, Meyers SPJIjofm. (2002) Antibacterial activity of chitosans and chitosan oligomers with different molecular weights. Int J Food Microbiol 74(1–2):65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00717-6
Olszewska MA, Gędas A, Simões M (2020) The effects of eugenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citronellol, and terpineol on Escherichia coli biofilm control as assessed by culture-dependent and-independent methods. Molecules 25(11):2641. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112641
Ouattara B, Simard RE, Piette G, Bégin A, Holley RA (2000) Inhibition of surface spoilage bacteria in processed meats by application of antimicrobial films prepared with chitosan. Int J Food Microbiol 62(1–2):139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00407-4
Ouedrhiri W, Balouiri M, Bouhdid S, Harki EH, Moja S, Greche H (2018) Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pelargonium asperum and Ormenis mixta essential oils and their synergistic antibacterial effect. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(30):29860–29867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9739-1
Oussalah M, Caillet S, Lacroix M (2006) Mechanism of action of Spanish oregano, Chinese cinnamon, and savory essential oils against cell membranes and walls of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 69(5):1046–1055. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1046
Park S-N, Lim YK, Freire MO, Cho E, Jin D, Kook J-K (2012) Antimicrobial effect of linalool and α-terpineol against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. Anaerobe 18(3):369–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.04.001
Peng Y, Wang Q, Shi J, Chen Y, Zhang X (2019) Optimization and release evaluation for tea polyphenols and chitosan composite films with regulation of glycerol and Tween. Food Sci Technol 40:162–170. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.34718
Purwanti N, Zehn AS, Pusfitasari ED, Khalid N, Febrianto EY, Mardjan SS, Andreas K (2018) Emulsion stability of clove oil in chitosan and sodium alginate matrix. Int J Food Prop 21(1):566–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2018.1454946
Quatrin PM, Verdi CM, de Souza ME, de Godoi SN, Klein B, Gundel A, Wagner R, de Almeida Vaucher R, Ourique AF, Santos RCV (2017) Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. Microb Pathog 112:230–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.062
Quiroga PR, Nepote V, Baumgartner MT (2019) Contribution of organic acids to α-terpinene antioxidant activity. Food Chem 277:267–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.100
Rahimmalek M, Bahreininejad B, Khorrami M, Tabatabaei BESJBG (2009) Genetic variability and geographic differentiation in Thymusdaenensis subsp. daenensis, an endangered medicinal plant, as revealed by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Natl Libr Med 47(11–12):831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-009-9281-z
Riaz Rajoka MS, Mehwish HM, Wu Y, Zhao L, Arfat Y, Majeed K, Anwaar SJ (2020) Chitin/chitosan derivatives and their interactions with microorganisms: a comprehensive review and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 40(3):365–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2020.1713719
Ribeiro P, Montero I, Saravia S, Ferraz V, Santos R, Marc, ia J, Linhares BJJoMPR. (2020) Chemical composition and antioxidant activity in the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees with medicinal interest. J Med Plants Res 14(7):326–330. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.6966
Saad NY, Muller CD, Lobstein A (2013) Major bioactivities and mechanism of action of essential oils and their components. Flavour Fragrance J 28(5):269–279. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3165
Santana O, Andres MF, Sanz J, Errahmani N, Abdeslam L, González-Coloma AJ (2014) Valorization of essential oils from Moroccan aromatic plants. Nat Prod Commun 9(8):1934578X1400900812. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1400900812
Sbayou H, Boumaza A, Hilali A, Amghar S (2016) Chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of thymus satureioidescoss essential oil. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 8(10):183–187. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.13742
Schreiber SB, Bozell JJ, Hayes DG, Zivanovic SJFH (2013) Introduction of primary antioxidant activity to chitosan for application as a multifunctional food packaging material. Food Hydrocoll 33(2):207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.03.006
Shahidi F, Arachchi JKV, Jeon Y-JJTifs, technology. (1999) Food applications of chitin and chitosans. Trends Food Sci Technol 10(2):37–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(99)00017-5
Shukla V, Mendiratta S, Zende R, Badhe S (2022) Evaluation of the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of clove and oregano essential oils against foodborne microbes and its comparison with antibiotics. Pharma Innov J 11:732–738
Silva AF, Borges A, Freitas CF, Hioka N, Mikcha JMG, Simões M (2018) Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by rose bengal and erythrosine is effective in the control of food-related bacteria in planktonic and biofilm states. Molecules 23(9):2288. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092288
Silva GdC, de Oliveira Filho JG, Morselli Ribeiro MdM, Oliveira de Souza CW, Ferreira MD (2022) Antibacterial activity of nanoemulsions based on essential oils compounds against species of xanthomonas that cause citrus canker. Biointerface Res Appl Chem 12(2):1835. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC122.18351846
Solomakos N, Govaris A, Koidis P, Botsoglou N (2008) The antimicrobial effect of thyme essential oil, nisin and their combination against Escherichia coli O157: H7 in minced beef during refrigerated storage. Meat Sci 80(2):159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.11.014
Tabak M, Scher K, Chikindas ML, Yaron S (2009) The synergistic activity of triclosan and ciprofloxacin on biofilms of Salmonella Typhimurium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 301(1):69–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01804.x
Taoufik F, Anejjar A, Asdadi A, Salghi R, Chebli B, El Hadek M, Idrissi Hassani LJJMES (2017) Synergic effect between Argania spinosa cosmetic oil and Thymus satureioides essential oil for the protection of the carbon steel against the corrosion in sulfuric acid medium. J Mater Environ Sci 8:582–593
Tariq S, Wani S, Rasool W, Shafi K, Bhat MA, Prabhakar A, Shalla AH, Rather MA (2019) A comprehensive review of the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents against drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Microb Pathog 134:103580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103580
Thoroski J, Blank G, Biliaderis C (1989) Eugenol induced inhibition of extracellular enzyme production by Bacillus subtilis. J Food Prot 52(6):399–403. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-52.6.399
Trombetta D, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG, Venuti V, Cristani M, Daniele C, Saija A, Mazzanti G, Bisignano G (2005) Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49(6):2474–2478. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.49.6.2474-2478.2005
Turina AdV, Nolan M, Zygadlo J, Perillo M (2006) Natural terpenes: self-assembly and membrane partitioning. Biophys Chem 122(2):101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2006.02.007
Ultee A, Bennik M, Moezelaar R (2002) The phenolic hydroxyl group of carvacrol is essential for action against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(4):1561–1568. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.1561-1568.2002
Vardar-Ünlü G, Candan F, Sökmen A, Daferera D, Polissiou M, Sökmen M, Dönmez E, Tepe B (2003) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. Var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae). J Agric Food Chem. 51(1):63–67. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025753e
Vattem DA, Mihalik K, Crixell SH, McLean RJ (2007) Dietary phytochemicals as quorum sensing inhibitors. Fitoterapia 78(4):302–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.009
Wang H, Cai L, Li Y, Xu X, Zhou G (2018) Biofilm formation by meat-borne Pseudomonas fluorescens on stainless steel and its resistance to disinfectants. Food Control 91:397–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.035
Wu H, Moser C, Wang H-Z, Høiby N, Song Z-J (2015) Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections. Int J Oral Sci 7(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2014.65
Xu J-G, Liu T, Hu Q-P, Cao X-MJM (2016) Chemical composition, antibacterial properties and mechanism of action of essential oil from clove buds against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 21(9):1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21091194
Zhang Y, Feng R, Li L, Zhou X, Li Z, Jia R, Song X, Zou Y, Yin L, He C (2018) The antibacterial mechanism of terpinen-4-ol against Streptococcus agalactiae. Curr Microbiol 75(9):1214–1220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-018-1512-2
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Cao P, Wei S, Lu Y (2017) Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of eugenol from essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & LM Perry (clove) leaf against periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microb Pathog 113:396–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.054
Acknowledgements
We thank Nectarome society (Marrakech, Morocco) for providing the EOs used in this investigation.
Funding
The authors state that they did not receive any funding, grants, or other forms of support in the development of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
AM, AG, CD, SIK, ZET and CEM: Design and conceptualization. AM, AG, CD and CEM: methodology. AM: software. AM, AG, CD, ZET and CEM: validation. formal analysis: AM, AG, CD, ZET and CEM. AB and CD: resources. AM and AG: data curation. AM: writing. AM, AG, ZET and CEM: writing-review. AG, CD, SIK and CEM: supervision. The published version of the manuscript has been read and approved by all authors.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts of interest that need to be disclosed.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Mouhoub, A., Guendouz, A., Belkamel, A. et al. Assessment of the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of essential oils for potential application of active chitosan films in food preservation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 38, 179 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03363-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03363-9