Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is a prolific producer of useful secondary metabolites such as naphthoquinone pigments, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, as well as the harmful mycotoxins fumonisins. A strategy to increase their production includes creating a proper nutritional environment that enables the fungus to produce the compounds of interest. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of different carbon sources (glucose, fructose, xylose, sucrose, and lactose) on secondary metabolites biosynthesis in F. verticillioides submerged cultures. The production of volatile terpenes was evaluated through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The quantification and identification of pigments was conducted using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer and NMR spectrometer, respectively. The quantification of fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results showed that the biosynthesis of naphthoquinone pigments, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes was highest in cultures with fructose (13.00 ± 0.71 mmol/g), lactose [564.52 × 10−11 ± 11.50 × 10−11 μg/g dry weight (DW)], and xylose (54.41 × 10−11 ± 1.55 × 10−11 μg/g DW), respectively, with fumonisin being absent or present in trace amounts in the presence of these carbon sources. The highest biosynthesis of fumonisins occurred in sucrose-containing medium (fumonisin B1: 7.85 × 103 ± 0.25 × 103 μg/g DW and fumonisin B2: 0.38 × 103 ± 0.03 × 103 μg/g DW). These results are encouraging since we were able to enhance the production of useful fungal metabolites without co-production with harmful mycotoxins by controlling the carbon source provided in the culture medium.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), National Ministry of Science and Technology (FONCYT-PICT 2016-2496 and FONCYT-PICT 2018-3697) and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (SECYT). We would also like to thank Dr. Pablo Cortina, Dr. Marcela Palacio and Mtr. Damián Barrionuevo for technical support. FA, CRK and AGJ have a fellowship from CONICET and RPP and JAZ are Career Members of CONICET.
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FA: manuscript writing and conducting experiments; CRK: conducting experiments; AGJ: manuscript writing; RPP: research design and statistical analyses; JAZ: research design and statistical analyses.
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Achimón, F., Krapacher, C.R., Jacquat, A.G. et al. Carbon sources to enhance the biosynthesis of useful secondary metabolites in Fusarium verticillioides submerged cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 37, 78 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03044-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03044-z