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Runoff of Hexazinone and Diuron in Green Cane Systems

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Abstract

Sugarcane is a major crop in Brazil as well as other tropical areas. The rise of green cane systems that maintain straw on the soil surface after mechanical harvesting alongside extreme precipitation has changed the use and environmental fate of pesticides, mainly herbicides. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of straw amounts (0, 7, and 14 t ha−1), soil water contents (10 and 18%, volumetric basis), and herbicide incubation time (0 and 3 days) on the runoff of hexazinone and diuron in green cane systems, under a heavy rainfall event of 120 mm that is becoming more frequent over the decades in tropical areas. A rainfall event of 80 mm h−1 during 1.5 h was simulated over a 1 m2 area, using a rainfall simulator with a structure designed to collect runoff. Herbicides in water runoff were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC ESI QTOF/MS), while herbicides attached to sediments were estimated using Kd values. Sugarcane straw on the soil surface decreased water, sediments, and diuron runoffs, but barely affected hexazinone losses. Crop residues cannot prevent runoff of highly soluble molecules, such as hexazinone. Herbicides’ runoffs were much higher in the aqueous phase and at higher soil moisture content. Maintaining 7 t ha−1 of sugarcane straw on the soil surface was enough to mitigate water, sediments, and diuron runoff, but 3-day herbicide incubation did not affect both herbicides runoffs. Diuron and hexazinone are heavily used herbicides that can reach concerning concentrations in the runoff and contaminate surface waters in vulnerable areas if no control measures are taken.

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Funding

This study was supported by a partnership between the College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ-USP) and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Meio Ambiente). This study was supported in part by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel–Brazil (CAPES)–Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, P.O. Box 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Lucas Rafael Lommez Vaz

  2. EMBRAPA Environment, P.O. Box 13918-110, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Brazil

    Robson Rolland Monticelli Barizon

  3. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), P.O. Box 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Adijailton José de Souza & Jussara Borges Regitano

Authors
  1. Lucas Rafael Lommez Vaz
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  2. Robson Rolland Monticelli Barizon
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  3. Adijailton José de Souza
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  4. Jussara Borges Regitano
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jussara Borges Regitano.

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Data and Material Availability (Data Transparency)

The authors of the manuscript “Runoff of hexazinone and diuron in green cane systems” state that all data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the published article and its supplementary information file. Nevertheless, the data can be found in the University of São Paulo’s repository at [https://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-05012017-181536/pt-br.php]. They are also available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. In addition, this manuscript underwent rigorous revision process before submission and its originally was verified by the Turnitin software, obtaining a high originality degree.

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Vaz, L.R.L., Barizon, R.R.M., de Souza, A.J. et al. Runoff of Hexazinone and Diuron in Green Cane Systems. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 116 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05074-7

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