Abstract
Animals distribute themselves within habitats based on a variety of environmental conditions, including those impacted by urbanization. Suspected global declines in urban arthropod biodiversity have required that we examine how urban conditions affect the distribution of this ecologically important group. Throughout North America, funnel-weaving spiders (Agelenidae) are prevalent across urban habitats and actively choose sites to build webs. We compared Agelenopsis pennsylvanica abundance and distribution between two distinct urban habitats: an urban center (university campus) and an urban forest (city park). These urban habitats differed significantly in features like plant diversity and proximity to roads and highways. We searched along paths from randomly selected start sites in each habitat until we found the first occupied (focal) web. Within a ten-meter radius of the focal web, we found that both (i) webs and (ii) spiders were more abundant in the urban center than in the urban forest. We also found (iii) shorter distances between webs and (iv) lower web heights in the urban center. Generally, spiders were more abundant and aggregated at sites that had lower plant diversity. Abundance decreased with increased road-traffic impact. Thus, A. pennsylvanica exhibits different spatial patterns across distinct urban habitats, which relates, in part, to differences in environmental conditions. The suggested importance of road and highway impacts on A. pennsylvanica distribution may signify that vibratory noise plays an essential role in this system. Since vibratory information use is ubiquitous across arthropods, future research should further address how vibratory noise may impact urban arthropod spatial patterns.
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Data availability
All R code and data are available in a GitHub repository at: https://github.com/brandipessman/Agelenopsis_aggregation.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Morgan Ryan for his advice about processing the GIS data in QGIS. We are grateful for past and present members of the Hebets, Shizuka, and Keesey labs (UNL Behavior Group) for their feedback on data analysis and earlier drafts of the manuscript. We are also thankful for conversations with Chad Johnson about urban ecology. We thank conference attendees that have visited posters and oral talks about this project, as those conversations have helped to improve many aspects of the research presented here.
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This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 25-0506-0233-001 awarded to BP.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection was performed by Brandi Pessman, Madison Hays, and Earl Agpawa under the supervision of Eileen Hebets. Formal analysis and the first draft of the manuscript were completed by Brandi Pessman. All authors reviewed and edited subsequent versions of the manuscript and approved its final draft.
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Pessman, B.J., Hays, M., Agpawa, E. et al. Urbanization affects web abundance and aggregation of a funnel-weaving spider, Agelenopsis pennsylvanica (Agelenidae). Urban Ecosyst 26, 1275–1292 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01379-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01379-z