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Hayabusa2 Landing Site Selection: Surface Topography of Ryugu and Touchdown Safety

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Abstract

One of the primary goals of Hayabusa2 is to land on the asteroid Ryugu to collect its surface materials. The key for a successful touchdown is to find a promising landing site that meets both scientific and engineering requirements. Due to the limited availability of pre-arrival information about Ryugu, the landing site selection (LSS) must be conducted based on proximity observations over a limited length of time. In addition, Ryugu was discovered to possess an unexpectedly high abundance of boulders with an absence of wide and flat areas, further complicating the LSS. To resolve these problems, we developed a systematic and stepwise LSS process with a focus on the surface topography of Ryugu and the associated touchdown safety. The proposed LSS scheme consists of two phases: Phase-I LSS, a comprehensive survey of potential landing areas at the 100-m scale based on the global mapping of Ryugu, and Phase-II LSS, a narrowing-down process of the candidate landing sites at the 10-m scale using high-resolution images and a local terrain model. To verify the feasibility of a precision landing at the target site, we also investigated the landing dispersion via a Monte Carlo simulation, which incorporates the effect of the irregular surface gravity field. One of the major characteristics of the Hayabusa2 LSS developed in this study is the iterative feedback between LSS analyses on the ground and actual spacecraft operations near the target asteroid. Using the newly developed method, we chose a landing site with a radius of 3 m, and Hayabusa2 successfully conducted its first touchdown on February 21, 2019. This paper reports the methodology and results of the stepwise iterative LSS for the first Hayabusa2 touchdown. The touchdown operation results reconstructed from flight data are also provided, demonstrating the validity of the adopted LSS strategy.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by KAKENHI from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (grants JP19K21075, JP17H06459, JP19H01951, and JP19K14778), the Astrobiology Center Program of National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) (grant AB311012), and the JSPS Core-to-Core program “International Network of Planetary Sciences.”

Author information

Author notes

  1. Naoya Sakatani

    Present address: Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan

  2. Tadateru Takahashi

    Present address: NEC Corporation, 1-10 Nisshin-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8501, Japan

  3. Tomohiro Yamaguchi

    Present address: Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 325 Kamimachiya, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8520, Japan

  4. Kei Shirai

    Present address: Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan

  5. Yoshiaki Ishihara

    Present address: JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Shota Kikuchi, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, Takanao Saiki, Yashuhiro Yokota, Naoya Sakatani, Tatsuaki Okada, Yuri Shimaki, Rina Noguchi, Yuto Takei, Fuyuto Terui, Naoko Ogawa, Yuya Mimasu, Hirotaka Sawada, Tadateru Takahashi, Atsushi Fujii, Tomohiro Yamaguchi, Shogo Tachibana, Moe Matsuoka, Kei Shirai, Yukio Yamamoto, Akira Miura, Takahiro Iwata, Masahiko Hayakawa, Masanao Abe, Satoshi Tanaka, Makoto Yoshikawa, Satoru Nakazawa & Yuichi Tsuda

  2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan

    Sei-ichiro Watanabe & Tomokatsu Morota

  3. Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan

    Hikaru Yabuta

  4. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Seiji Sugita, Tomokatsu Morota, Shogo Tachibana, Eri Tatsumi & Yuichiro Cho

  5. Research Center for Early Universe, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Seiji Sugita

  6. Chiba Institute of Technology, Planetary Exploration Research Center, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0016, Japan

    Seiji Sugita, Koji Wada, Hiroki Senshu & Manabu Yamada

  7. The University of Aizu, 90 Kami-iawase, Tsuruga, Ikki-machi, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima, 965-8580, Japan

    Naru Hirata, Chikatoshi Honda & Kohei Kitazato

  8. Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan

    Naoyuki Hirata & Kazunori Ogawa

  9. Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, 1 Takaya Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2116, Japan

    Tatsuhiro Michikami

  10. Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cyo, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan

    Rie Honda

  11. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan

    Koji Matsumoto & Noriyuki Namiki

  12. Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Kent Yoshikawa, Go Ono, Hitoshi Ikeda & Chikako Hirose

  13. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

    Yoshiaki Ishihara

  14. Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan

    Tomoki Nakamura

  15. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/ Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Eri Tatsumi

  16. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan

    Shingo Kameda

  17. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan

    Toru Kouyama

  18. JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Kazunori Ogawa

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  1. Shota Kikuchi
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Correspondence to Shota Kikuchi.

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Note by the Editor: This is a Special Communication, linked to the Topical Volume on the Hayabusa2 mission published in Space Science Reviews (https://link.springer.com/journal/11214/208/1).

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Kikuchi, S., Watanabe, Si., Saiki, T. et al. Hayabusa2 Landing Site Selection: Surface Topography of Ryugu and Touchdown Safety. Space Sci Rev 216, 116 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00737-z

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