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Geoeffective Properties of Solar Transients and Stream Interaction Regions

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Abstract

Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs), their possible shocks and sheaths, and co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) are the primary large-scale heliospheric structures driving geospace disturbances at the Earth. CIRs are followed by a faster stream where Alfvénic fluctuations may drive prolonged high-latitude activity. In this paper we highlight that these structures have all different origins, solar wind conditions and as a consequence, different geomagnetic responses. We discuss general solar wind properties of sheaths, ICMEs (in particular those showing the flux rope signatures), CIRs and fast streams and how they affect their solar wind coupling efficiency and the resulting magnetospheric activity. We show that there are two different solar wind driving modes: (1) Sheath-like with turbulent magnetic fields, and large Alfvén Mach (\(M_{A}\)) numbers and dynamic pressure, and (2) flux rope-like with smoothly varying magnetic field direction, and lower \(M_{A}\) numbers and dynamic pressure. We also summarize the key properties of interplanetary shocks for space weather and how they depend on solar cycle and the driver.

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Notes

  1. http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation.

  2. http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ASC/DATA/level3/icmetable2.htm.

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Acknowledgements

Y. D. Liu was supported by the Recruitment Program of Global Experts of China, NSFC under grant 41374173 and the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories of China. EK acknowledges Academy of Finland project 1267087, UH three-year grant project 490162 and HELCATS project 400931. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (SolMAG 724391).

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    E. K. J. Kilpua

  2. Imperial College London, London, UK

    A. Balogh

  3. International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland

    R. von Steiger

  4. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Y. D. Liu

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Kilpua, E.K.J., Balogh, A., von Steiger, R. et al. Geoeffective Properties of Solar Transients and Stream Interaction Regions. Space Sci Rev 212, 1271–1314 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0411-3

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