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Unique chlorophylls in picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. “Physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls, and the discovery of monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophyll b in the species Prochlorococcus NIES-2086”

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Abstract

In this review, we introduce our recent studies on divinyl chlorophylls functioning in unique marine picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. (1) Essential physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls are compared with those of monovinyl chlorophylls; separation by normal-phase and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with isocratic eluent mode, absorption spectra in four organic solvents, fluorescence information (emission spectra, quantum yields, and life time), circular dichroism spectra, mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and redox potentials. The presence of a mass difference of 278 in the mass spectra between [M+H]+ and the ions indicates the presence of a phytyl tail in all the chlorophylls. (2) Precise high-performance liquid chromatography analyses show divinyl chlorophyll a’ and divinyl pheophytin a as the minor key components in four kinds of Prochlorococcus sp.; neither monovinyl chlorophyll a′ nor monovinyl pheophytin a is detected, suggesting that the special pair in photosystem I and the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II are not monovinyl but divinyl-type chlorophylls. (3) Only Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 possesses both monovinyl chlorophyll b and divinyl chlorophyll b, while any other monovinyl-type chlorophylls are absent in this strain. Monovinyl chlorophyll b is not detected at all in the other three strains. Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 is the first example that has both monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophylls a/b as major chlorophylls.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2015)

Fig. 3

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2015)

Fig. 4

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 5

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 6

Figure adapted from Kobayashi et al. (2016)

Fig. 7

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 8

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 9

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 10

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 11

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 12

Figure adapted from Komatsu et al. (2014)

Fig. 13

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Abbreviations

CAO:

Chlorophyllide a oxygenase

CD:

Circular dichroism

Chl:

Chlorophyll

DV-Chl:

Divinyl chlorophyll

DV-Phe:

Divinyl pheophytin

DVR:

Divinyl reductase

HMBC:

Heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation

HSQC:

Heteronuclear single quantum coherence

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

MV-Chl:

Monovinyl chlorophyll

MV-Phe:

Monovinyl pheophytin

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NOESY:

Nuclear Overhauser and exchange spectroscopy

Phe:

Pheophytin

PS:

Photosystem

RC:

Reaction center

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Mayumi Ohnishi-Kameyama, Dr. Hiroshi Ono (National Food Research Institute), Dr. Hiroyuki Koike (Chuo University), Messrs. Yuhta Isei, Taku Kaitani, Dr. Yutaka Hanawa, and Dr.Yoshihiro Shiraiwa (Univ. Tsukuba) for their kind and invaluable help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan

    Hirohisa Komatsu, Katsuhiro Wada, Terumitsu Kanjoh & Masami Kobayashi

  2. Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Hideaki Miyashita

  3. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

    Mayumi Sato & Masanobu Kawachi

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  1. Hirohisa Komatsu
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  2. Katsuhiro Wada
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Correspondence to Masami Kobayashi.

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Komatsu, H., Wada, K., Kanjoh, T. et al. Unique chlorophylls in picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. “Physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls, and the discovery of monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophyll b in the species Prochlorococcus NIES-2086”. Photosynth Res 130, 445–467 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-016-0283-5

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