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Photosynthesis in developing leaf of juveniles and adults of three Mediterranean species with different growth forms

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Abstract

Leaf development is influenced by almost all the prevailing environmental conditions as well as from the conditions at the time of bud formation. Furthermore, the growth form of a plant determines the leaf longevity and subsequently the investment in biomass and the internal structure of the mesophyll. Therefore, photosynthetic traits of a growing leaf, though, partly predetermined, should also acclimate to temporal changes during developmental period. In addition, the age of the plant can affect photosynthesis of the growing leaf, yet, in the majority of studies, the age is associated to the size of the plant. To test if the reproductive status of the plant affects the time kinetics of the photosynthetic capacity of a growing leaf and the relative contribution of the plants’ growth form to the whole procedure, field measurements were conducted in juveniles (prereproductive individuals) and adults (fully reproductive individuals) of an evergreen sclerophyllous shrub (Nerium oleander), a semi-deciduous dimorphic shrub (Phlomis fruticosa), and a winter deciduous tree with pre-leafing flowering (Cercis siliquastrum). PSII structural and functional integrity was progressively developed in all species, but already completed, only some days after leaf expansion in P. fruticosa. Developing leaf as well as fully developed leaf in adults of C. siliquastrum showed enhanced relative size of the pool of final PSI electron acceptors. Photosynthetic traits between juveniles and adults of P. fruticosa were similar, though the matured leaf of adults exhibited lower transpiration rates and improved water-use efficiency than that of juveniles. Adults of the evergreen shrub attained higher CO2 assimilation rate than juveniles in matured leaf which can be attributed to higher electron flow devoted to carboxylation, and lower photorespiration rate. The reproductive phase of the plant seemed to be involved in modifications of the PSII and PSI functions of the deciduous tree, in carboxylation and photorespiration traits of the evergreen shrub, and in water conductance efficiency of the semi-deciduous shrub. However, it is interesting, that regardless of the growth form of the plant and the prospective leaf longevity of the developing leaf, adults need to support flowering outmatch juveniles, in terms of photosynthesis.

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Abbreviations

A :

Net photosynthetic rate

A max :

Maximum net photosynthetic rate

Car:

Carotenoid content

CE:

Carboxylation efficiency

Chl a/b :

Chlorophyll ratio

Chls:

Total chlorophyll content

C i :

Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration

g m :

Mesophyll conductance

g s :

Stomatal conductance

J C :

Photosynthetic electron flux density used for RuBR carboxylation

J C/J T :

Fraction of total electron flow devoted to carboxylation

JO :

Photosynthetic electron flux density used for RuBR oxygenation

J T :

Photosynthetic electron flux density

J Tmax :

Maximum photosynthetic electron flux density

l :

Stomatal limitation

LMA:

Leaf mass per area

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

OJIP:

Fast Chl a fluorescence transient

PAR:

Photosynthetic active radiation

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

RC:

Reaction center

R d :

Day respiration or mitochondrial respiration rate

R l :

Rate of photorespiration

RWC:

Relative water content

Tr:

Transpiration rate

WUE:

Water-use efficiency

φ PSII :

Effective quantum yield of PSII

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Acknowledgments

The LiCor 6400 gas analyser used in this study was donated to the Laboratory of Plant Physiology by the Bodossaki Foundation.

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  1. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rio, 26504, Patras, Greece

    Christos Chondrogiannis & George Grammatikopoulos

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  1. Christos Chondrogiannis
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Correspondence to George Grammatikopoulos.

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Chondrogiannis, C., Grammatikopoulos, G. Photosynthesis in developing leaf of juveniles and adults of three Mediterranean species with different growth forms. Photosynth Res 130, 427–444 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-016-0276-4

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