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The relationship between root exudation properties and root morphological traits of cucumber grown under different nitrogen supplies and atmospheric CO2 concentrations

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Abstract

Aims

Nitrogen supply and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) could influence root exudates directly by altering compound concentrations in roots and indirectly by regulating root morphology. This study assessed these direct and indirect effects on cucumber root exudation.

Methods

Cucumber roots with various morphological traits were obtained in different combinations of nitrogen supplies and [CO2] treatments. Then, the correlations between ten compounds in root exudates and their concentrations in root extracts as well as root morphological traits were evaluated.

Results

In case of root exudates, the amounts of sugars were more closely correlated to the root surface area, whereas organic acids and amino acids were more closely associated with the number of root tips. Moreover, fructose, glucose, sucrose and oxalic acid in root exudates were correlated to their concentrations in root extracts, whereas there was little correlation between root exudates and extracts for malic acid, citric acid or four amino acids.

Conclusions

Sugars were probably released from the whole roots by passive or facilitated diffusion, so both the direct and indirect effects were important. Organic acids and amino acids were mainly secreted from the root apices by active transport, thus the indirect effect was more important.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mohammad Rezaul Karim and anonymous referees for their kindly help in improving the manuscript. The authors thank Dr. Guangjie Li for his help in scanning the root morphology. We also thank the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science (XDB15030300), the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2014BAD14B04), and the Frontier Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSASIP1635) for funding support.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China

    Xun Li, Jinlong Dong, Wenying Chu & Zengqiang Duan

  2. College of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China

    Yujiao Chen

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  1. Xun Li
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Li, X., Dong, J., Chu, W. et al. The relationship between root exudation properties and root morphological traits of cucumber grown under different nitrogen supplies and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Plant Soil 425, 415–432 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3555-8

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