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Proteomic and physiological analyses reveal the role of exogenous spermidine on cucumber roots in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress

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Abstract

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The mechanism of exogenous Spd-induced Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance in cucumber was studied by proteomics and physiological analyses. Protein–protein interaction network revealed 13 key proteins involved in Spd-induced Ca(NO3)2 stress resistance.

Abstract

Ca(NO3)2 stress is one of the major reasons for secondary salinization that limits cucumber plant development in greenhouse. The conferred protective role of exogenous Spd on cucumber in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress cues involves changes at the cellular and physiological levels. To investigate the molecular foundation of exogenous Spd in Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance, a proteomic approach was performed in our work. After a 9 days period of Ca(NO3)2 stress and/or exogenous Spd, 71 differential protein spots were confidently identified. The resulting proteins were enriched in seven different categories of biological processes, including protein metabolism, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, ROS homeostasis and stress defense, cell wall related, transcription, others and unknown. Protein metabolism (31.2%), carbohydrate and energy metabolism (15.6%), ROS homeostasis and stress defense (32.5%) were the three largest functional categories in cucumber root and most of them were significantly increased by exogenous Spd. The Spd-responsive protein interaction network revealed 13 key proteins, whose accumulation changes could be critical for Spd-induced resistance; all 13 proteins were upregulated by Spd at transcriptional and protein levels in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress. Furthermore, accumulation of antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidant and polyamines, along with reduction of H2O2 and MDA, were detected after exogenous Spd application during Ca(NO3)2 stress. The results of these proteomic and physiological analyses in cucumber root may facilitate a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of Ca(NO3)2 stress tolerance mediated by exogenous Spd.

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Abbreviations

2-DE:

Two-dimensional electrophoresis

AKR4C9:

Aldo-keto reductase family 4 member C9-like

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

Ascorbate

AXS:

UDP-d-apiose/UDP-d-xylose synthase

CyP:

Cysteine proteinase RD21a

DapF:

Diaminopimelate epimerase

EIF:

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit protein

HSP70:

Heat shock 70 kDa protein

LC–MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

MG:

Methylglyoxal

PAs:

Polyamines

PDI:

Protein disulfide-isomerase-like

POD:

Peroxidase

Prx2F:

Peroxiredoxin-2F

Put:

Putrescine

RNAP II:

RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 37e-like proteins

SAH:

S-adenosyl-l-homo-cys

SAM:

S-adenosyl-l-met

Spd:

Spermidine

Spm:

Spermine

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

TCTP:

Translationally-controlled tumor protein homolog

Trx:

Thioredoxin

XLA:

Beta-xylosidase/alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase 2-like

CCoAMT1:

Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase 1

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31471869, 31272209 and 31401919), the National Key Technology R&D Program (2013BAD20B05), the Jiangsu Province Scientific and Technological Achievements into Special Fund (BA2014147), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Jing Du, Shirong Guo, Jin Sun & Sheng Shu

  2. Taizhou Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, 225300, People’s Republic of China

    Jing Du

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  1. Jing Du
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  2. Shirong Guo
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JD and SG designed the research and wrote the paper. SS and JS analyzed data and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shirong Guo.

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Du, J., Guo, S., Sun, J. et al. Proteomic and physiological analyses reveal the role of exogenous spermidine on cucumber roots in response to Ca(NO3)2 stress. Plant Mol Biol 97, 1–21 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-018-0721-1

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