Abstract
Membrane trafficking plays pivotal roles in many cellular processes including plant immunity. Here, we report the characterization of OsVAMP714, an intracellular SNARE protein, focusing on its role in resistance to rice blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Disease resistance tests using OsVAMP714 knockdown and overexpressing rice plants demonstrated the involvement of OsVAMP714 in blast resistance. The overexpression of OsVAMP7111, whose product is highly homologous to OsVAMP714, did not enhance blast resistance to rice, implying a potential specificity of OsVAMP714 to blast resistance. OsVAMP714 was localized to the chloroplast in mesophyll cells and to the cellular periphery in epidermal cells of transgenic rice plant leaves. We showed that chloroplast localization is critical for the normal OsVAMP714 functioning in blast resistance by analyzing the rice plants overexpressing OsVAMP714 mutants whose products did not localize in the chloroplast. We also found that OsVAMP714 was located in the vacuolar membrane surrounding the invasive hyphae of M. oryzae. Furthermore, we showed that OsVAMP714 overexpression promotes leaf sheath elongation and that the first 19 amino acids, which are highly conserved between animal and plant VAMP7 proteins, are crucial for normal rice plant growths. Our studies imply that the OsVAMP714-mediated trafficking pathway plays an important role in rice blast resistance as well as in the vegetative growth of rice.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology (Japan Science and Technology Agency). We thank Dr. H. Ichikawa (NIAS, Japan) for providing the pRiceFOX vector. We thank Dr. H. Ito, and Mr. S. Maeda for useful advices. We thank Dr. Miyao (NIAS, Japan) and Dr. Fukayama (Kobe Univ., Japan) for technical advices. We also thank Ms. M. Ishikawa, Ms. M. Ohtake, and Ms. T Yasuhara (NIAS, Japan) for excellent technical support.
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Supplemental Table S1
List of oligonucleotides used for PCR and plasmid construction. (XLSX 31 kb)
Supplemental Table S2
List of oligonucleotides used for qRT-PCR. (XLSX 34 kb)
Supplemental Figure S1
Immunoblot analysis of OsVAMP714 in rice leaves. Total protein extracts (T) and cytoplasmic fractions (Cyt) containing 5 μg each protein, and the chloroplast fractions (CP) containing 2 μg each chlorophyll were subjected to immunoblot analysis using anti-GFP (for GFP-OsVAMP714), anti-UDP-glucose pyrophospholyase (anti-UGPase; cytoplasm marker) and anti-FtsH (chloroplast marker) antibodies. (PPTX 79 kb)
Supplemental Figure S2
Localization of host vacuolar membranes during M. oryzae infection. Confocal images of leaf sheath epidermal cells expressing vm-GFP invaded by mCherry-labeled M. oryzae at 40 hpi. (a) vm-GFP fluorescence (green) is shown as white. (b) TEF-mCherry fluorescence (magenta) is shown as white. (c) Merged images of GFP and mCherry. Arrow in the C panel indicates an invasive hypha surrounded by the vacuolar membrane in the secondary invaded cell. Bars = 10 μm. (PPTX 674 kb)
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Sugano, S., Hayashi, N., Kawagoe, Y. et al. Rice OsVAMP714, a membrane-trafficking protein localized to the chloroplast and vacuolar membrane, is involved in resistance to rice blast disease. Plant Mol Biol 91, 81–95 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0444-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0444-0