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Mutation in Wilted Dwarf and Lethal 1 (WDL1) causes abnormal cuticle formation and rapid water loss in rice

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Abstract

Epidermal cell layers play important roles in plant defenses against various environmental stresses. Here we report the identification of a cuticle membrane mutant, wilted dwarf and lethal 1 (wdl1), from a rice T-DNA insertional population. The muant is dwarf and die at seedling stage due to increased rates of water loss. Stomatal cells and pavement cells are smaller in the mutant, suggesting that WDL1 affects epidermal cell differentiation. T-DNA was inserted into a gene that encodes a protein belonging to the SGNH subfamily, within the GDSL lipase superfamily. The WDL1–sGFP signal coincided with the RFP signal driven by AtBIP–mRFP, indicating that WDL1 is an ER protein. SEM analyses showed that their leaves have a disorganized crystal wax layer. Cross-sectioning reveals loose packing of the cuticle and irregular thickness of cell wall. Detailed analyses of the epicuticular wax showed no significant changes either in the total amount and amounts of each monomer or in the levels of lipid polymers, including cutin and other covalently bound lipids, attached to the cell wall. We propose that WDL1 is involved in cutin organization, affecting depolymerizable components.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Insoon Park and Kyungsook An for generating T-DNA insertional lines, Yoonja Cho for handling the seed stock, Yong Mok Park for providing the steady state porometer, Inhwan Hwang for the vector containing the AtBIP: mRFP fusion, and Priscilla Licht for English editing. This work was supported, in part, by grants from the Crop Functional Genomic Center, the 21st Century Frontier Program (Grant CG1111); from the Biogreen 21 Program (034-001-007-03-00), Rural Development Administration; and from the Basic Research Promotion Fund with a Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2007-341-C00028); Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea (309,017-5); and Kyung Hee University to GA, and grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) to LS and RF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea

    Jong-Jin Park, Ping Jin, Jinmi Yoon, Jung-Il Yang, Hee Joong Jeong & Gynheung An

  2. Crop Biotech Institute and Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotech, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea

    Jong-Jin Park, Ping Jin, Jinmi Yoon, Jung-Il Yang, Hee Joong Jeong & Gynheung An

  3. Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany

    Kosala Ranathunge, Lukas Schreiber & Rochus Franke

  4. Division of Plant Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea

    In-Jung Lee

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  1. Jong-Jin Park
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11103_2010_9656_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary Fig. 1 Phylogenic tree of WDL1. Sequences were aligned via Clustal X 1.81 and tree was constructed using neighbor-joining program in MEGA version 2.0. Scale bar corresponds to 0.1 amino substitutions per residue. (TIFF 301 kb)

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Park, JJ., Jin, P., Yoon, J. et al. Mutation in Wilted Dwarf and Lethal 1 (WDL1) causes abnormal cuticle formation and rapid water loss in rice. Plant Mol Biol 74, 91–103 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-010-9656-x

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