Abstract
The main focus of the present study is to numerically examine the effects of tsunami-like-induced hydrodynamic loading applied to free-standing structures with various architectural geometries. To accomplish these goals, the authors employed a multi-phase numerical model utilizing the volume of fluid method in the three-dimensional space. The second objective of the present study is to improve the understanding of hydrodynamic loads on structural components in order to develop practical guidelines for the engineering design of structures located in areas with a high risk of tsunami hazards. In order to evaluate the performance of the numerical model, the results of the simulation are compared with various available experimental data and physical modeling studies. The tsunami-like wave was reproduced via a sudden release of water located in an impounding reservoir located at the upstream part of a flume in the form of a dambreak wave. The shear force exerted by the hydrodynamic force on the square and round structures in the downstream area is estimated to obtain the value of tsunami loading. Finally, the validated numerical model is employed to examine the influence of the structure’s geometry on the hydrodynamic loads exerted on it.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Faesly T, Palermo D, Nistor I, Cornett A (2012) Experimental modeling of extreme hydrodynamic forces on structural models. Int J Protect Struct 3(4):477–505
Andrillon Y, Alessandrini B (2004) A 2D + T VOF fully coupled formulation for calculation of breaking free surface flow Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, BP 92101, 1 rue de la Nöe, 44321 Nantes, France
Árnason H (2005) Interactions between an incident bore and a free-standing coastal structure. Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Berberovic E (2010) Investigation of free-surface flow associated with drop impact: numerical simulations and theoretical modeling. Doctoral dissertation, TU Darmstadt/FG Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik
Biscarini C, Francesco SD, Manciola P (2010) CFD modelling approach for dam break flow studies. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 14(4):705–718
Chamani MR, Dehghani AA, Beirami MK, Gholipour R (2013) Fluid mechanics, 2nd edn. IUT Publishing, Iran, p 613
Chanson H (2006) Tsunami surges on dry coastal plains: application of dam break wave equations. Coast Eng J 48(04):355–370
Chinnarasri C, Thanasisathit N, Ruangrassamee A, Weesakul S, Lukkunaprasit P (2013) The impact of tsunami-induced bores on buildings. In: Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers-maritime engineering, vol 166, no 1, pp 14–24. Thomas Telford Ltd
Chock G, Robertson I, Kriebel D, Francis M, Nistor I (2012) Tohoku Japan Tsunami of March 11, 2011—performance of structures, final report, ASCE
Cross RH (1967) Tsunami surge forces. J Waterw Harb Div 93(4):201–234
Douglas S, Nistor I (2015) On the effect of bed condition on the development of tsunami-induced loading on structures using OpenFOAM. Nat Hazards 76(2):1335–1356
FEMA P646 (2012) Guidelines for design of structures for vertical evacuation from tsunamis. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC
Fourie JG, Du Plessis JP (2003) A two-equation model for heat conduction in porous media (I: theory). Transp Porous Media 53(2):145–161
Fukui I, Nakaraura M, Shiraishi H, Sasaki Y (1963) Hydraulic study on tsunami. Coast Eng Jpn VI:68–82
Harlow FH, Nakayama PI (1968) Transport of turbulence energy decay rate (no. LA–3854). Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex
Heyns JA, Malan AG, Harms TM, Oxtoby OF (2013) Development of a compressive surface capturing formulation for modelling free-surface flow by using the volume-of-fluid approach. Int J Numer Meth Fluids 71(6):788–804
Jasak H, Jemcov A, Tukovic Z (2007) OpenFOAM: a C++ library for complex physics simulations. In: International workshop on coupled methods in numerical dynamics, vol 1000, pp 1–20. IUC Dubrovnik, Croatia
Kolmogorov AN (1942) Equations of motion of an incompressible turbulent fluid. Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Phys 6:56–58
Lukkunaprasit P, Ruangrassamee A, Thanasisathit N (2009) Tsunami loading on buildings with openings. Sci Tsunami Hazards 28(5):303
Matsutomi H (1991). An experimental study on pressure and total force due to bore. In: Proceedings of coastal engineering, JSCE, vol 38, pp 626–630
Menter FR (1993) Zonal two equation k-turbulence models for aerodynamic flows. AIAA paper, 2906
Nistor I, Palermo D, Nouri Y, Murty T, Saatcioglu M (2009) Tsunami-induced forces on structures. Handbook of coastal and ocean engineering, 261–286
Nouri Y, Nistor I, Palermo D, Cornett A (2010) Experimental investigation of tsunami impact on free standing structures. Coast Eng J 52(01):43–70
OpenFOAM (2014) OpenFOAM: the open source CFD toolbox. http://www.openfoam.com
Ramsden JD (1993) Tsunamis: forces on a vertical wall caused by long waves, bores, and surges on a dry bed. Doctoral dissertation, California Institute of Technology
Ramsden JD, Raichlen F (1990) Forces on vertical wall caused by incident bores. J Waterw Port Coast Ocean Eng 116(5):592–613
Rodi W (1993) Turbulence models and their application in hydraulics. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Soares Frazão S (2002) Dam-break induced flows in complex topographies. Theoretical, numerical and experimental approaches. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium: Université catholique de Louvain. PhD Thesis
St-Germain P, Nistor I, Townsend R (2012) Numerical modeling of the impact with structures of tsunami bores propagating on dry and wet beds using the SPH method. Int J Protect Struct 3(2):221–256
Stoker JJ (1957) Water waves. The mathematical theory with applications. Interscience Publishers Inc, New York
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group (2011) Field survey of 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami by the Nationwide Tsunami Survey. Jpn Soc Civ Eng Tokyo
Thusyanthan NI, Gopal Madabhushi SP (2008) Tsunami wave loading on coastal houses: a model approach. In: Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers-civil engineering, vol 161, no 2, pp 77–86. Thomas Telford Ltd
Xing T, Shao J, Stern F (2007) BKW-RS-DES of unsteady vortical flow for KVLCC2 at large drift angles. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on numerical ship hydrodynamics, pp 5–8
Yeh H (2007) Design tsunami forces for onshore structures. J Disaster Res 2(6):531–536
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sarjamee, S., Nistor, I. & Mohammadian, A. Numerical investigation of the influence of extreme hydrodynamic forces on the geometry of structures using OpenFOAM. Nat Hazards 87, 213–235 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2760-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2760-3