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Functional relevance of genes predicted to be affected by epigenetic alterations in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors

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Abstract

Purpose

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a highly malignant brain tumor predominantly arising in infants. Mutations of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members SMARCB1/INI1 or (rarely) SMARCA4/Brg1 are the sole recurrent genetic lesions. Epigenetic studies revealed a large number of genes predicted to be affected by differential histone modifications in ATRT, but the role of these genes in the biology of ATRT remains uncertain. We therefore aimed at exploring the role of these genes in the detrimental effects of SMARCB1-deficiency.

Methods

The functional relevance of 1083 genes predicted to be affected by epigenetic alterations in ATRT was examined in vivo using a Drosophila melanogaster model of SMARCB1-deficiency. Human orthologues of genes whose knockdown modified the phenotype in the Gal4-UAS fly model were further examined in ATRT samples and SMARCB1-deficient rhabdoid tumor cells.

Results

Knockdown of Snr1, the fly orthologue of SMARCB1, resulted in a lethal phenotype and epigenetic alterations in the fly model. The lethal phenotype was shifted to later stages of development upon additional siRNA knockdown of 89 of 1083 genes screened in vivo. These included TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway related genes, e.g. CG10348, the fly orthologue of transcriptional regulator PRDM16. Subsequently, PRDM16 was found to be over-expressed in ATRT samples and knockdown of PRDM16 in SMARCB1-deficient rhabdoid tumor cells reduced proliferation.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a subset of genes affected by differential histone modification in ATRT is involved in the detrimental effects of SMARCB1-deficiency and also relevant in the biology of ATRT.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), Medical Faculty of the University of Münster (Grant No. Ha3/019/15) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant No. HA3060/5-1). Infrastructural support was received from the Medical Faculty of the University Münster (Technology Platform “Drosophila”).

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Author notes

  1. Isabel Tegeder and Katharina Thiel have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Isabel Tegeder, Katharina Thiel, Johannes Berlandi, Astrid Jeibmann & Martin Hasselblatt

  2. Hopp-Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Serap Erkek, Pascal D. Johann, Venu Thatikonda & Marcel Kool

  3. Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Serap Erkek, Pascal D. Johann, Venu Thatikonda & Marcel Kool

  4. Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Pascal D. Johann

  5. Children’s Hospital Augsburg, Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany

    Michael C. Frühwald

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  1. Isabel Tegeder
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Correspondence to Martin Hasselblatt.

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Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or vertebrates performed by any of the authors. Human tumor samples for immunohistochemistry had been obtained in the context of the European Rhabdoid Tumor Registry EU-RHAB. EU-RHAB has received ethical committee approval (Ethics committee of the University Hospital Münster, 2009-532-f-S) and all parents had given informed consent for scientific use of the archival samples.

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Tegeder, I., Thiel, K., Erkek, S. et al. Functional relevance of genes predicted to be affected by epigenetic alterations in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors. J Neurooncol 141, 43–55 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-018-03018-6

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