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How does urban expansion interact with cropland loss? A comparison of 14 Chinese cities from 1980 to 2015

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Abstract

Context

Characterized by intensive urban sprawl and continuous cropland shrinkage, the unprecedented urbanization process has profoundly reshaped China’s landscape over the past four decades. However, the interaction between urban expansion and cropland loss in China at a finer spatiotemporal resolution remains unclear.

Objectives

This study aims to quantify and compare the rates, patterns, dynamics, and interactions of urban expansion and cropland loss in 14 Chinese cities during 1980–2015.

Methods

Multiple landscape metrics were calculated to quantify the magnitudes, rates, and patterns of urban expansion and cropland loss for each city. The standard deviation ellipse analysis and two quantitative indices (the dependence and the contribution of urban expansion on cropland loss) were used to characterize the relationship between urban expansion and cropland loss.

Results

The pattern of rapid urban expansion and extensive cropland loss was observed across all selected cities (except for Harbin), with the averaged expansion area of 764.17 km2 and averaged loss area of 650.83 km2 per city. The primary mode of urbanization was the edge-expansion (6889.22 km2, 60.01%), followed by the infilling (2767.32 km2, 24,11%) and the outlying (1822.72 km2, 15.88%). Urban expansion was identified to be the dominant driver of cropland loss, accounting for 84.99% of the newly expanded urban land and 74.36% of the lost cropland in total, thus leading to a more spatially irregular and fragmented distribution of the cropland.

Conclusions

The balance between urbanization and land protection is still challenging. Here we advocate more effective policy-driven practices to protect China’s existing cropland for food security and sustainable development goals.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China under the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFA0600104), the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (EarthLab), and donations from Delos Living LLC and the Cyrus Tang Foundation to Tsinghua University. The authors would like to thank the four anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions, which have greatly improved this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Ying Tu, Le Yu, Peng Gong & Bing Xu

  2. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Bin Chen

  3. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Qinchuan Xin

  4. Tsinghua Urban Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Peng Gong & Bing Xu

  5. Center for Healthy Cities, Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Peng Gong & Bing Xu

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Tu, Y., Chen, B., Yu, L. et al. How does urban expansion interact with cropland loss? A comparison of 14 Chinese cities from 1980 to 2015. Landscape Ecol 36, 243–263 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01137-y

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