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Do landscape and riverscape shape genetic patterns of the Neotropical otter, Lontra longicaudis, in eastern Mexico?

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Abstract

Context

Functional connectivity of semiaquatic species is poorly studied despite that freshwater ecosystems are amongst the most threatened worldwide due to habitat deterioration. The Neotropical otter, Lontra longicaudis, is a threatened species that represents a good model to evaluate the effect of landscape-riverscape features on genetic structure and gene flow of freshwater species.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the spatial genetic structure of L. longicaudis and to evaluate the landscape-riverscape attributes that shape its genetic structure and gene flow at local sites (habitat patches) and between sites (landscape matrix).

Methods

We conducted the study in three basins located in Veracruz, Mexico, which have a high degree of ecosystem deterioration. We used a non-invasive genetic sampling and a landscape genetics individual-based approach to test the effect stream hierarchical structure, isolation-by-distance, and isolation-by-resistance on genetic structure and gene flow.

Results

We found genetic structure that corresponded to the latitudinal and altitudinal heterogeneity of the landscape and riverscape, as well as to the hierarchical structure of the streams. Open areas and steep slopes were the variables affecting genetic structure at local sites, whereas areas with suitable habitat conditions, higher ecosystem integrity and larger streams enhanced gene flow between sites.

Conclusions

The landscape-riverscape characteristics that maintain functional connectivity of L. longicaudis differed between the upper, middle, and lower basins. Our results have important implications for the conservation of the species, including the maintenance of larger suitable areas in Actopan and the necessity to improve connectivity in Jamapa, through the establishment of biological corridors.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the National Geographic Society Early Career Grant (# WW-185ER-17), the Rufford Small Grants Foundation (ID-19592-2), the Genetics Society Heredity Fieldwork Grant, The SigmaXi Grant (G2019100191901176) and by research funds from the Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (20012-11-080) to CGR. MCLC is grateful with the Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México for the academic support provided during her doctoral studies and with the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for the Doctoral scholarship (#414864). We thank Pablo C. Hernández-Romero, Tarcisio Solis and Luz Magali Sánchez Méndez for providing field assistance; Luz Magali Sánchez Méndez, Denisse Maldonado Sánchez and Cristina Bárcenas for laboratory assistance; and Alejandro Flores and Pierre Mokondoko for spatial data analysis assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Posgrado Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México

    María Camila Latorre-Cardenas

  2. Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México

    María Camila Latorre-Cardenas & Carla Gutiérrez-Rodríguez

  3. Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Instituto de Ecología A.C., 61600, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México

    Yessica Rico

  4. CONACYT, 03940, Ciudad de México, México

    Yessica Rico

  5. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México

    Enrique Martínez-Meyer

Authors
  1. María Camila Latorre-Cardenas
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  2. Carla Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
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  3. Yessica Rico
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  4. Enrique Martínez-Meyer
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to María Camila Latorre-Cardenas or Carla Gutiérrez-Rodríguez.

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Latorre-Cardenas, M.C., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, C., Rico, Y. et al. Do landscape and riverscape shape genetic patterns of the Neotropical otter, Lontra longicaudis, in eastern Mexico?. Landscape Ecol 36, 69–87 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01114-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01114-5

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