Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to determine the degree of the development in emotional expression of full face transplant patients from photographs. Hence, a rehabilitation process can be planned according to the determination of degrees as a later work. As envisaged, in full face transplant cases, the determination of expressions can be confused or cannot be achieved as the healthy control group. In order to perform image-based analysis, a control group consist of 9 healthy males and 2 full-face transplant patients participated in the study. Appearance-based Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) methods are adopted for recognizing neutral and 6 emotional expressions which consist of angry, scared, happy, hate, confused and sad. Feature extraction was carried out by using both methods and combination of these methods serially. In the performed expressions, the extracted features of the most distinct zones in the facial area where the eye and mouth region, have been used to classify the emotions. Also, the combination of these region features has been used to improve classifier performance. Control subjects and transplant patients’ ability to perform emotional expressions have been determined with K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier with region-specific and method-specific decision stages. The results have been compared with healthy group. It has been observed that transplant patients don’t reflect some emotional expressions. Also, there were confusions among expressions.
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Acknowledgements
We also acknowledge healthy group and transplant patients for their helping to make up the database.
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This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project Number: 113E182).
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. (Ethical Approval Date-Number: Akdeniz University, Clinical Research Ethics Committee: 04/03/2013–25).
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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Image & Signal Processing
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Bedeloglu, M., Topcu, Ç., Akgul, A. et al. Image-based Analysis of Emotional Facial Expressions in Full Face Transplants. J Med Syst 42, 42 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0895-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-0895-8