Abstract
This paper explores evolving treatments for hysteria in the eighteenth century by examining a selection of works by both physician-writers and educated literary women. The treatments I identify—which range from aggressive bloodlettings, diets, and beatings, to exercise, fresh air, and writing cures—reveal a unique culture of therapy in which female sufferers and doctors exert an influence on one another's notions of what constitutes appropriate management of women's mental illness. A scrutiny of this exchange of ideas suggests that female patients were not simply oppressed and silenced by male practitioners; rather, their collective voice, intellect, and expertise helped to form progressive treatments for eighteenth-century hysteria.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anselment, Raymond A. 1997. “Elizabeth Freke’s Remembrances: Reconstructing a Self.” Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature 16 (1): 57-75.
Blackmore, Richard. 1725. A Treatise of the Spleen and Vapours: or, Hypochondriacal and Hysterical Affections. With Three Discourses on the Nature and Cure of the Cholick, Melancholy, and Palsies. London. Eighteenth Century Collections Online (CW107181454).
Carter, Elizabeth. 1973. Letters from Mrs. Elizabeth Carter to Mrs. Montagu, Between the Years 1755-1800. Chiefly Upon Literary and Moral Subjects. Edited by Sir Egerton Brydges. 3 vols. New York: AMS.
Cheyne, George. 1733. The English Malady: or, A Treatise of Nervous Diseases of all Kinds, as Spleen, Vapours, Lowness of Spirits, Hypochondriacal, and Hysterical Distempers, &c. In Three Parts. Dublin. Eighteenth Century Collections Online (CW108289768).
Comrie, John D. 1922. Introduction to Selected Works of Thomas Sydenham, M.D., edited by John Comrie, 1-28. London: Bale.
Couser, Thomas G. 1977. Recovering Bodies: Illness, Disability, and Life Writing. Foreword by Nancy Mairs. Wisconsin Studies in American Autobiography Series. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Finch, Anne. 1903. The Poems of Anne Countess of Winchilsea. Edited and introduced by Myra Reynolds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Frank, Arthur. 1995. The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Freke, Elizabeth. 2001. The Remembrances of Elizabeth Freke, 1671-1714. Edited by Raymond A. Anselment. Camden Fifth Series, vol. 18. London: Cambridge University Press.
Good, Stephen H. 1976. Introduction to A Treatise of the Hypochondriack and Hysterick Diseases, by Bernard Mandeville, v-xvii. New York: Scholars’ Facsimiles and Reprints.
Hellegers, Desiree. 1993. “‘The Threatening Angel and the Speaking Ass’: The Masculine Mismeasure of Madness in Anne Finch’s ‘The Spleen.’” Genre: Forms of Discourse and Culture 26 (2-3): 199-218.
Henke, Suzette A. 2000. Shattered Subjects: Trauma and Testimony in Women’s Life-Writing. New York: St. Martin’s.
Mandeville, Bernard. 1711. A Treatise of the Hypochondriack and Hysterick Passions. London. Eighteenth Century Collections Online (CW107115825).
Micale, Mark S. 1995. Approaching Hysteria: Disease and Its Interpretations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
–––. 2008. Hysterical Men: The Hidden History of Male Nervous Illness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley. 1965-67. The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu [1708-62]. Edited and introduced by Robert Halsband. 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon.
Moore, Cecil A. 1953. Backgrounds of English Literature 1700-60. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Piozzi, Hester Lynch. 1951. Thraliana. The Diary of Hester Lynch Thrale (later Mrs. Piozzi), 1776-1809. Edited and introduced by Katharine C. Balderston. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon.
–––. 1989-99. The Piozzi Letters. Correspondence of Hester Lynch Piozzi, 1784-1821. Edited by Edward A. Bloom and Lillian D. Bloom. 5 vols. Newark: University of Delaware Press.
Porter, Dorothy, and Roy Porter. 1989. Patient’s Progress: Doctors and Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Porter, Roy. 1985. “Introduction” and “Laymen, Doctors and Medical Knowledge in the Eighteenth Century: The Example of the Gentleman’s Magazine.” In Patients and Practitioners: Lay Perceptions of Medicine in Pre-industrial Society, edited by Roy Porter, 1-22, 283-314. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
–––. 1987. Mind-Forg’d Manacles. A History of Madness in England from the Restoration to the Regency. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
–––. 1993. “The Body and the Mind, the Doctor and the Patient. Negotiating Hysteria.” In Hysteria Beyond Freud, by Sander L. Gilman, Helen King, Porter, G. S. Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter, 225-85. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Risse, Guenter B. 1988. “Hysteria at the Edinburgh Infirmary: The Construction and Treatment of a Disease, 1770-1800.” Medical History 32 (1): 1-22.
Robinson, Nicholas. 1729. A New System of the Spleen, Vapours, and Hypochondriack Melancholy. London. Eighteenth Century Collections Online (CW110797691).
Rousseau, G. S. 1993. “‘A Strange Pathology’: Hysteria in the Early Modern World, 1500-1800.” In Hysteria Beyond Freud, by Sander L. Gilman, Helen King, Roy Porter, G. S. Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter, 91-221. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Shapin, Steve. 2003. “Trusting George Cheyne: Scientific Expertise, Common Sense, and Moral Authority in Early Eighteenth-Century Dietetic Medicine.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 77 (2): 263-97.
Showalter, Elaine. 1985. The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture, 1830-1980. New York: Pantheon.
–––. 1997. Hystories: Hysterical Epidemics and Modern Culture. New York: Columbia University Press.
Sydenham, Thomas. (1682) 1979. “Epistolary Dissertation to Dr. Cole.” In The Works of Thomas Sydenham, M.D., vol. 1, introduced by R. G. Latham, 53-118. Birmingham, AL: Classics of Medicine Library.
Veith, Ilza. (1962) 1993. Hysteria: The History of a Disease. London: Jason.
Whytt, Robert. 1765. Observations on the Nature, Causes, and Cure of Those Disorders Which Are Commonly Called Nervous, Hypochondriac, or Hysteric, To Which are Prefixed some Remarks on The Sympathy of the Nerves. Edinburgh. Eighteenth Century Collections Online (CW107623706).
Wollstonecraft, Mary. (1798) 1976. The Wrongs of Woman; or Maria, a Fragment. Edited by Gary Kelly. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meek, H. Medical Men, Women of Letters, and Treatments for Eighteenth-Century Hysteria. J Med Humanit 34, 1–14 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-012-9194-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-012-9194-4