Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Spatial Latent Gaussian Model for Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Africa

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Family Violence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to examine the prevalence and correlates of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against men in Africa. Nationally representative data from 12 countries was analysed using a Spatial Latent Gaussian Model to capture the linear and non-linear nature of covariates while accounting for spatial heterogeneity. The results showed that female perpetrated abuse was significantly associated with education, alcohol consumption, intergenerational cycle of violence, polygamy, wealth, and type of union. As far as age of perpetrator (female) or victim (male) and spousal age difference were concerned, they had a non-linear effect on IPV. Furthermore, the spatial effects highlighted lack of spatial autocorrelation between the prevalence of IPV as one moves from country to country.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abel, E. M. (2001). Comparing the social service utilization, exposure to violence, and trauma symptomology of domestic violence female “victims” and female “batterers”. Journal of Family Violence, 16, 401–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abramsky, T., Watts, C. H., Garcia-Moreno, C., Devries, K., Kiss, L., Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H. A. F. M., & Heise, L. (2008). What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 109–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K. L. (1997). Gender, status, and domestic violence: an integration of feminist and family violence approaches. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59(3), 655–669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babcock, J. C., Miller, S. A., & Siard, C. (2003). Toward a typology of abusive women: differences between partner-only and generally violent women in the use of violence. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 27, 153–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, M. L., & Bernard, J. L. (1983). Violent intimacy: the family as a model for love relationships. Family Relations, 32, 283–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Besag, J., & Kooperberg, C. (1995). On conditional and intrinsic autoregressions. Biometrika, 82, 733–746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Besag, J., Green, P. J., Higdon, D., & Mengersen, K. (1995). Bayesian computation and stochastic systems (with discussion). Statistical Science, 10, 3–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkerhoff, M. B., & Lupri, E. (1988). Interspousal violence. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 13(4), 407–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brownridge, D. A. (2008). The elevated risk for violence against cohabiting women: a comparison of three nationally representative surveys of Canada. Violence Against Women, 14(7), 809–832.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brownridge, D. A., & Halli, S. S. (2001). Explaining violence against women in Canada. Lanham: Lexington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. (2010). More than 40% of domestic violence victims are male, report reveals [online]. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/sep/05/men-victims-domestic-violence. Accessed 5 Jan 2015.

  • Carney, M. M., & Buttell, F. P. (2004). Psychological and demographic predictors of treatment attrition among women assaulters. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 38, 7–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., McKeown, R. E., & King, M. J. (2000). Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: physical, sexual, and psychological battering. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 553–559.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • CPES. (1999). Integrated weight for the pooled CPES data set [online]. Available from: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/CPES/about_cpes/weighting/integrated_weight.jsp. Accessed 23 Nov 2014.

  • DeKeseredy, W. S., & Schwartz, M. D. (1998). Measuring the extent of woman abuse in intimate heterosexual relationships. A critique of the Conflict Tactics Scales. U.S.

  • DeMaris, A., Benson, M. L., Fox, G. L., Hill, T., & Van Wyk, J. (2003). Distal and proximal factors in domestic violence: a test of an integrated model. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(3), 652–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, D. G, Nicholls, T. L, & Spidel, A. (2005). Female perpetrators of intimate abuse [online]. Available from: http://www.HaworthPress.com. Accessed 8 Jan 2015.

  • Ellsberg, M. C. (2000). Candies in hell: Research and action on domestic violence against women in Nicaragua. Umeå: Umeå University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egeland, B. (1993). A history of abuse is a major risk factor for abusing the next generation. In R. J. Gelles & D. R. Loseke (Eds.), Current controversies on family violence (pp. 197–208). Newbury Park

  • Fahrmeir, L., & Lang, S. (2001a). Bayesian semiparametric regression analysis of multicategorical timespace data. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 53, 10–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahrmeir, L., & Lang, S. (2001b). Bayesian inference for generalized additive mixed models based on Markov random field priors. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C: Applied Statistics, 50, 201–220. doi:10.1111/1467-9876.00229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fong, Y., Rue, H., & Wakefield, J. (2010). Bayesian inference for generalized linear mixed models. Biostatistics, 11(3), 397–412.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hines, D. A., & Saudino, K. J. (2002). Intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence; a behavioural genetic perspective. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 3(3), 210–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hindin, M. J., Kishor, S., & Ansara, D. L. (2008). Intimate partner violence among couples in 10 DHS countries: Predictors and health outcomes. DHS Analytical Studies No. 18. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Macro International Inc.

  • Hoyle, A. (2013). Why are so many MEN becoming victims of domestic violence? It’s one of Britain’s last remaining taboos, but abuse against men in the home is on the rise [online]. Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2518434/Why-MEN-victims-domestic-violence-Its-Britains-remaining-taboos-abuse-men-home-rise.html. Accessed 5 Jan 2015.

  • ICF International. (2012). Demographic and health surveys. Calverton: ICF International [Distributor].

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, N. A. (1996). Observational experiences of intrapersonal conflict and teenage victimization: a comparative study among spouses and cohabitors. Journal of Family Violence, 11(3), 191–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jewkes, R. (2002). Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. Lancet, 359(9315), 1423–1429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. (2003). Dialectics of power and violence in the home: A comparative analysis of women’s experience of domestic violence in Haïti and Nicaragua. Dissertation, University of Maryland.

  • Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 948–963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, S. Y., McGree, J., & Mengersen, K. (2013). The impact of spatial scales and spatial smoothing on the outcome of Bayesian spatial model. PloS One, 8(10), e75957. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075957.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kelsall, J. E., & Wakefield, J. C. (1998). Modeling spatial variation in disease risk. Tech. Rep., Imperial College London.

  • Kishor, S. (2000). Empowerment of women in Egypt and links to the survival and health of their infants. In H. B. Presser & G. Sen (Eds.), Women’s empowerment and demographic processes: Moving beyond Cairo. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishor, S., & Bradley, S. E. K. (2012). Women’s and men’s experience of spousal violence in two African countries: Does gender matter? DHS Analytical Studies No. 27. Calverton: ICF International.

  • Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2004). Profiling domestic violence—A multi-country study. Calverton: ORC Macro.

    Google Scholar 

  • Labell, L. S. (1979). Wife abuse: a sociological study of battered women and their mates. Victimology, 4(2), 258–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, S., & Brezger, A. (2004). Bayesian P-splines. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 13(1), 183–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, A. R., Goeckner, D. J., Adesso, V. T., & Marlatt, G. A. (1975). The effects of alcohol on aggression in male social drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84, 508–518.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Neidig, P., & Thorn, G. (1995). Violent marriages: gender differences in levels of current violence and past abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 10, 159–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, K. E. (2005). Alcohol and intimate partner violence: when can we say that heavy drinking is a contributing cause of violence. Addiction, 100, 422–425.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maletta, H. (2007). Weighting [online]. Available from: http://www.spsstools.net/static/resources/WEIGHTING.pdf. Accessed 1 Jan 2015.

  • Malhotra, A., & Mather, M. (1997). Do schooling and work empower women in developing countries? The case of Sri Lanka. Sociological Forum, 12(4), 599–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S. L., Tsui, A. O., Maitra, K., & Marinshaw, R. (1999). Domestic violence in northern India. American Journal of Epidemiology, 150(4), 417–426.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rue, H., & Held, L. (2005). Gaussian Markov random fields: Theory and application. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rue, H., & Martino, S. (2006). Approximate Bayesian inference for hierarchical Gaussian Markov random fields models. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 137, 3177–3192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rue, H., Martino, S., & Chopin, N. (2007). Approximate Bayesian inference for latent gaussian models using integrated nested laplace approximations. Statistics Report No. 1, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

  • Rue, H., Martino, S., & Chopin, N. (2009). Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models using integrated nested laplace approximations (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 71, 319–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rue, H., Martino, S., Lindgren, F., Simpson, D., Riebler, A. (2013). INLA: functions which allow to perform a full Bayesian analysis of structured additive models using integrated nested laplace approximation. R package version 0.0, URL http://www.r-inla.org.

  • Rutstein, S., & Johnson, K. (2004). The DHS wealth index. Calverton: ORC Macro.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutstein, S. O., & Rojas, G. (2006). Guide to DHS statistics. Demographic and Health Surveys, Calverton: ORC Macro.

  • Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shillington, et al. (1995). Is there a relationship between “heavy drinking” and HIV high risk sexual behaviours among general population subjects? International Journal of Addiction, 30, 1453–1478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinmetz, S. K. (1977–78). The battered husband syndrome. Victimology: An International Journal, 2, 499–509.

  • Stets, J. E., & Straus, M. A. (1989). The marriage license as a hitting license: a comparison of assaults in dating, cohabiting, and married couples. Journal of Family Violence, 4(2), 161–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: the conflict tactics (CT) scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41(1), 75–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M. A. (1990). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The conflict tactic (CT) scales. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence American families: Risk factors and adaptions to violence in 8, 145 families (pp. 29–47). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1992). How violent are American families? Estimates from the national family violence resurvey and other studies. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in the American family (pp. 95–112). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma, V., Gagliardi, F., & Feretti, C. (2009). On pooling of data and measures. Working paper no. 84. Siena: University of Siena.

  • Woolf, N. Q. (2014). Our attitude to violence against men is out of data [online]. Available from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/10752232/Our-attitude-to-violence-against-men-is-out-of-date.html. Accessed 8 Jan 2015.

  • World Health Organization. (2001). Putting women first: Ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women. Department of Gender and Women’s Health. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2005). World report on violence and health. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 120 Harlech Road, Leeds, LS11 7DG, West Yorkshire, UK

    Rodney Godfrey Tsiko

Authors
  1. Rodney Godfrey Tsiko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodney Godfrey Tsiko.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tsiko, R.G. A Spatial Latent Gaussian Model for Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Africa. J Fam Viol 31, 443–459 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9784-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9784-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation