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CuFe2O4@Ag Nanocomposite Synthesized in the Presence of Spirulina platensis Decreases the Expression of norB Gene in Staphylococcus aureus

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Abstract

Due to the increasing multi-drug resistance, infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is regarded as an important health threat. Extrusion of drugs by multidrug efflux pumps plays a crucial role in development of multi-drug resistance among bacteria. Resistance to fluoroquinolones, can be mediated by efflux pumps including NorA, NorB and NorC. Thus, efflux pumps inhibition has been considered to improve efficacy of fluoroquinolones. Metal nanoparticles have been tested for antibacterial and anticancer potentials. Among them, magnetic nanoparticles including ferrite based nanoparticles gained attention for their recyclability and site directed drug delivery potential. Due to the limitations associated to physio-chemical synthesis of these nanoparticles, green synthesis of nanoparticles using living organisms has gained interests. Here, we synthesized the CuFe2O4@Ag using Spirulina platensis and investigated its effect on expression of norB gene among S. aureus strains. Synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Energy dispersive X-ray mapping analysis. Chemical analysis of S. platensis extract was done by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the nanocomposite in combination with ciprofloxacin was assessed by broth microdilution method and expression of norB gene was evaluated using qualitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The physico-chemical analysis of biosynthesized nanocomposite confirmed the well-dispersed and nanoscale of CuFe2O4@Ag. Also, the results demonstrated that the CuFe2O4@Ag combined with ciprofloxacin increased the efficacy of the drug and reduced expression of norB by 57–69%. Therefore, CuFe2O4@Ag has promising potential for reduction of norB gene and can improve the efficacy of antibacterial drugs.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the biology department of Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran

    Seyyedeh Samira Mirbagheri

  2. Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

    Ali Salehzadeh

  3. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Yakhchali

Authors
  1. Seyyedeh Samira Mirbagheri
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  2. Ali Salehzadeh
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  3. Bagher Yakhchali
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Correspondence to Ali Salehzadeh.

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Mirbagheri, S.S., Salehzadeh, A. & Yakhchali, B. CuFe2O4@Ag Nanocomposite Synthesized in the Presence of Spirulina platensis Decreases the Expression of norB Gene in Staphylococcus aureus. J Clust Sci 33, 1025–1034 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-021-02018-3

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