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Chemical composition and source attribution of PM2.5 and PM10 in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) of India: results from an extensive seasonal campaign

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Abstract

Ambient particulate matter concentrations in Delhi and its peripheral towns has been a matter of serious concern in the last decade. Understanding the changing nature of the chemical composition of particulates, their spatial and seasonal variability can be utilized for identifying probable sources. This study presents an extensive dataset of the chemical composition of PM2.5 and PM10 collected using speciation samplers, from 19 locations representing different activities and spread across Delhi–NCR during summer and winter seasons in the year 2016–17. Identification of contributing sources using chemical ratios as source indicators is attempted. A distinct seasonal variability in both PM2.5 and PM10 was observed, with winter maxima and summer minima. The fine fraction i.e. PM2.5 was dominated by organic matter (OM) with mean concentrations of 40.96±25.74 μg/m3 followed by Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium (SNA) ions (31.44±20.69 μg/m3) and Elemental Carbon (EC) (19.56±12.57 μg/m3); while the coarse fraction i.e. PM10 was dominated by OM (73.03±40.55 μg/m3) and SNA (47.25±30.56 μg/m3) along with significant contributions from crustal materials (40.85±18.89 μg/m3). The chemical ratios suggested mixed sources of PM with major contributions from vehicular emissions, re-suspended and/or construction dust, and fossil fuel combustion along with intermittent contributions from biomass and open waste burning. This analysis provides useful insights into the sources and processes affecting the particulate formation and underlines the need to control primary emissions as well as secondary precursors for air quality improvements in the region. The data generated under this campaign can also serve as an essential input for further evaluation using receptor modeling.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Director-ARAI for support and guidance throughout the execution of the project. The authors would also like to sincerely thank Department of Heavy Industry- Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Government of India for supporting the study.

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Funding

This study was supported by Department of Heavy Industry- Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Government of India under the grant no. 7(29)/2015-AEI.

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  1. Environment Research Laboratory, The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Moqtik Bawase, Yogesh Sathe, Hemant Khandaskar & Sukrut Thipse

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  1. Moqtik Bawase
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  2. Yogesh Sathe
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Contributions

Moqtik Bawase: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - Review & Editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition

Yogesh Sathe: Formal analysis, Visualization, Software, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing

Hemant Khandaskar: Investigation, Data Curation, Validation

Sukrut Thipse: Supervision, Writing - Review & Editing

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Correspondence to Moqtik Bawase.

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Bawase, M., Sathe, Y., Khandaskar, H. et al. Chemical composition and source attribution of PM2.5 and PM10 in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) of India: results from an extensive seasonal campaign. J Atmos Chem 78, 35–58 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09412-7

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