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Characterization of brown carbon constituents of benzene secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia

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Abstract

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC) formed from secondary organic aerosols (SOA) age via reaction with reduced nitrogen species are a vital class of brown carbon compounds. NOC compounds from ammonia (NH3) gas-aging of benzene SOA were investigated in present study, and the experiments were performed by irradiating benzene/CH3ONO/NO/NH3 air mixtures in a home-made smog chamber. The particulate NOC products of aged benzene SOA in the presence of NH3 were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) coupled with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that NH3 has significant promotion effect on benzene SOA formation. Organic ammonium salts, such as ammonium glyoxylate, ammonium 6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoiclate, which are formed from NH3 reactions with gaseous organic acids were detected as the major particulate NOC products of NH3-aged benzene SOA. 1H–imidazole, 1H–imidazole-2-carbaldehyde and other imidazole products via the heterogeneous reactions between NH3 and dialdehydes of benzene SOA were successfully detected as important brown carbon constituents. The formation of imidazole products suggests that some ambient particles contained organonitrogen compounds may be come from this mechanism. The results of this study may provide valuable information for discussing NH3 deposition and SOA aging mechanisms.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41575118, 41305109, 21502086, 41575126), the Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No. 2015J06009) and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No. 2015J05028, 2015J01062). The authors thank Mr. Michael Nusbaum from Department of English, Xiamen University, Tan Kah Kee College for help with the English language. Also, the authors express our gratitude to the referees for their valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, College of Chemistry & Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China

    Mingqiang Huang, Jun Xu & Shunyou Cai

  2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, 363105, China

    Mingqiang Huang & Xingqiang Liu

  3. Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China

    Weixiong Zhao, Changjin Hu, Xuejun Gu, Li Fang & Weijun Zhang

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  1. Mingqiang Huang
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  2. Jun Xu
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Correspondence to Weijun Zhang.

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Huang, M., Xu, J., Cai, S. et al. Characterization of brown carbon constituents of benzene secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia. J Atmos Chem 75, 205–218 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9372-x

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