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Development of mussel-inspired 3D-printed poly (lactic acid) scaffold grafted with bone morphogenetic protein-2 for stimulating osteogenesis

  • S.I.: Biofabrication and Bioinks for Tissue Engineering
  • Original Research
  • Published:
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Abstract

3D printing is a versatile technique widely applied in tissue engineering due to its ability to manufacture large quantities of scaffolds or constructs with various desired architectures. In this study, we demonstrated that poly (lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds fabricated via fused deposition not only retained the original interconnected microporous architectures, the scaffolds also exhibited lower lactic acid dissolution as compared to the freeze-PLA scaffold. The 3D-printed scaffolds were then grafted with human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) via the actions of polydopamine (PDA) coatings. The loading and release rate of BMP-2 were monitored for a period of 35 days. Cellular behaviors and osteogenic activities of co-cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were assessed to determine for efficacies of scaffolds. In addition, we demonstrated that our fabricated scaffolds were homogenously coated with PDA and well grafted with BMP-2 (219.1 ± 20.4 ng) when treated with 250 ng/mL of BMP-2 and 741.4 ± 127.3 ng when treated with 1000 ng/mL of BMP-2. This grafting enables BMP-2 to be released in a sustained profile. From the osteogenic assay, it was shown that the ALP activity and osteocalcin of hMSCs cultured on BMP-2/PDA/PLA were significantly higher when compared with PLA and PDA/PLA scaffolds. The methodology of PDA coating employed in this study can be used as a simple model to immobilize multiple growth factors onto different 3D-printed scaffold substrates. Therefore, there is potential for generation of scaffolds with different unique modifications with different capabilities in regulating physiochemical and biological properties for future applications in bone tissue engineering.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge receipt grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 105-2314-B-039-024), China Medical University (CMU 106-S-04, CMU 105-S-17) of Taiwan, and Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University (ANHRF104-09).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Cheng-Hsin Cheng

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan

    Cheng-Hsin Cheng

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Cheng-Hsin Cheng

  4. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Yi-Wen Chen

  5. 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Yi-Wen Chen

  6. 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

    Alvin Kai-Xing Lee & Ming-You Shie

  7. School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Alvin Kai-Xing Lee

  8. Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chun-Hsu Yao

  9. School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chun-Hsu Yao

  10. Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chun-Hsu Yao

  11. Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chun-Hsu Yao & Ming-You Shie

  12. School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Ming-You Shie

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  1. Cheng-Hsin Cheng
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Cheng, CH., Chen, YW., Kai-Xing Lee, A. et al. Development of mussel-inspired 3D-printed poly (lactic acid) scaffold grafted with bone morphogenetic protein-2 for stimulating osteogenesis. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 30, 78 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-019-6279-x

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