Abstract
Researchers have many times turned their attention to nature and biological processes to develop novel technologies and materials. In a medical perspective, nature-based products are believed to be a strategic alternative approach to the use of fully synthetic materials, particularly in the design of medical devices. In the past decades, marine organisms have become the focus of considerable attention as potential sources of valuable materials. The sustainable exploitation and valorisation of natural marine resources constitutes a highly attractive and strategic platform for the development of novel biomaterials, with both economic and environmental benefits. In this context, algae are known to synthesise large quantities of polysaccharides and are well established sources of these particularly interesting molecules, many of which are known for their applicability in the design of biomaterials. Agar, carrageenan and alginates are some of the most known examples, and their uses can range from food to biomedical applications. However, few of the world’s available seaweed species are used commercially. Among the three main divisions of macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta), the green algae remain largely unexploited in this biomedical arena. While the demand for novel materials and technologies increases, so does the research of unexploited marine green algae including its unique polysaccharide ulvan.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Fattah AF, Edrees M (1972) A study on the polysaccharide content of Ulva lactuca L. Qual Plant Mater Veg 22:15–22
Alves A, Caridade SG, Mano JF, Sousa RA, Reis RL (2010) Extraction and physico-chemical characterization of a versatile biodegradable polysaccharide obtained from green algae. Carbohyd Res 345:2194–2200
Alves A, Duarte ARC, Mano JF, Sousa RA, Reis RL (2012a) PDLLA enriched with ulvan particles as a novel 3D porous scaffold targeted for bone engineering. J Supercrit Fluid 65:32–38
Alves A, Pinho ED, Neves NM, Sousa RA, Reis RL (2012b) Processing ulvan into 2D structures: cross-linked ulvan membranes as new biomaterials for drug delivery applications. Int J Pharm 426:76–81
Andrade LR, Salgado LT, Farina M, Pereira MS, Mourao PAS, Amado Filho GM (2004) Ultrastructure of acidic polysaccharides from the cell walls of brown algae. J Struct Biol 145:216–225
Andrès E, Molinari J, Péterszegi G, Mariko B, Ruszova E, Velebny V, Faury G, Robert L (2006) Pharmacological properties of rhamnose-rich polysaccharides, potential interest in age-dependent alterations of connectives tissues. Pathol Biol 54:420–425
Andrieux C, Hibert A, Houari A-M, Bensaada M, Popot F, Szylit O (1998) Ulva lactuca is poorly fermented but alters bacterial metabolism in rats inoculated with human faecal flora from methane and non-methane producers. J Sci Food Agr 77:25–30
Araújo L, Stadnik MJ, Borsato LC, Valdebenito-Sanhueza RM (2008) Potassium phosphite and ulvan in the control of ‘Gala’ leaf spot on apple. Trop Plant Pathol 33:148–152
Barbosa MA, Granja PL, Barrias CC, Amaral IF (2005) Polysaccharides as scaffolds for bone regeneration. ITBM-RBM 26(3):212–217
Barcelo A, Claustre J, Moro F, Chayvialle JA, Cuber JC, Plaisancie P (2000) Mucin secretion is modulated by luminal factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon. Gut 46:218–224
Barsanti L, Gualtieri P (2006) Algae—anatomy, biochemistry and biotechnology. Taylor & Francis Group, New York
Baumann L, Saghari S (2009) Basic science of the dermis. In: Baumann L, Saghari S, Weisberg E (eds) Cosmetic dermatology, principles and practice, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 8–13
Béress A, Wassermann O, Bruhn T, Béress L, Kraiselburd EN, Gonzalez LV, de Motta GE, Chavez PI (1993) A new procedure for the isolation of anti-HIV compounds (polysaccharides and polyphenols) from the marine alga Fucus vesiculosus. J Nat Prod 56:478–488
Bernhardt A, Despang F, Lode A, Demmler A, Hanke T, Gelinsky M (2009) Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells on alginate–gelatine–hydroxyapatite scaffolds with anisotropic pore structure. J Tissue Eng Regen M 3(1):54–62
Blin X (2007) Film of cosmetic product. FR Patent WO 2007/007294 (18 January 2007)
Bobin-Dubigeon C, Lahaye M, Barry J-L (1997a) Human colonic bacterial degradability of dietary fibres from sea-lettuce (Ulva sp.). J Sci Food Agr 73:149–159
Bobin-Dubigeon C, Lahaye M, Guillon F, Barry J-L, Gallant DJ (1997b) Factors limiting the biodegradation of Ulva sp. cell-wall polysaccharides. J Sci Food Agr 75:341–351
Bocanegra A, Bastida S, Benedi J, Rodenas S, Sanchez-Muniz FJ (2009) Characteristics and nutritional and cardiovascular-health properties of seaweeds. J Med Food 12:236–258
Brading JWE, Georg-Plant MMT, Hardy DM (1954) The polysaccharide from the alga Ulva lactuca—purification, hydrolysis, and methylation of the polysaccharide. J Chem Soc:319–324
Briand X (1991) Utilisation of extracts of algae for the preparation of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food or agricultural compositions. PCT Patent WO 91/07946 (13 June 1991)
Briand X, Cluzet S, Esquerre-Tugaye M-T, Salamagne S, Dumas B (2005) Use of ulvans as activators of plant defence and resistance reactions against biotic and abiotic stresses. PCT Patent WO 2005/094588 (13 October 2005)
Bruhn A, Dahl J, Nielsen HB, Nikolaisen L, Rasmussen MB, Markager S, Olesen B, Arias C, Jensen PD (2011) Bioenergy potential of Ulva lactuca: Biomass yield, methane production and combustion. Bioresource Technol 102:2595–2604
Buermann CW, Oronsky AL, Horowitz MI (1979) Chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzymes in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: characteristics and evidence for concerted mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 193:277–283
Cannell RJP, Dufresne C, Florence AJ, Gailliot FP, Gibbons S, Gray AI, Kinghorn AD, Kothandaraman S, Lee I-S, McAlpine J, Salituro GM, Shankland N, Shimizu Y, Silva GL, Stead P, VanMiddlesworth F, Venkat E, Verrall MS, Warr SRC, Wright AE (1998) Natural products isolation. In: Cannell RJP (ed) Methods in biotechnology, vol 4. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 343–408
Castro R, Zarra I, Lamas J (2004) Water-soluble seaweed extracts modulate the respiratory burst activity of turbot phagocytes. Aquaculture 229:67–78
Castro R, Piazzon MC, Zarra I, Leiro J, Noya M, Lamas J (2006) Stimulation of turbot phagocytes by Ulva rigida C. Agardh polysaccharides. Aquaculture 254:9–20
Castro R, Piazzon MC, Noya M, Leiro JM, Lamas J (2008) Isolation and molecular cloning of a fish myeloperoxidase. Mol Immunol 45:428–437
Castro-González MI, Romo FPG, Pérez-Estrella S, Carrillo-Domínguez S (1996) Chemical composition of the green alga Ulva lactuca. Cienc Mar 22:205–213
Charlier RH, Morand P, Finkl CW, Thys A (2007) Green tides on the Brittany Coasts. Environ Res Eng Manag 3:52–59
Chattopadhyay K, Mandal P, Lerouge P, Driouich A, Ghosal P, Ray B (2007) Sulphated polysaccharides from Indian samples of Enteromorpha compressa (Ulvales, Chlorophyta): isolation and structural features. Food Chem 104:928–935
Chuda Y, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Nagata T (1997) Identification of the forms of boron in seaweed by 11B NMR. Phytochemistry 46:209–213
Cluzet S, Torregrosa C, Jacquet C, Lafitte C, Fournier J, Mercier L, Salamagne S, Briand X, Esquerre-Tugaye MT, Dumas B (2004) Gene expression profiling and protection of Medicago truncatula against a fungal infection in response to an elicitor from green algae Ulva spp. Plant Cell Environ 27:917–928
Conrad HE (1980) The acid lability of the glycosidic bonds of l-iduronic acid residues in glycosaminoglycans. Biochem J 191:355–363
Correlo VM, Costa-Pinto AR, Sol P, Covas JA, Bhattacharya M, Neves NM, Reis RL (2010) Melt processing of chitosan-based fibers and fiber-mesh scaffolds for the engineering of connective tissues. Macromol Biosci 10:1495–1504
Costa LS, Fidelis GP, Cordeiro SL, Oliveira RM, Sabry DA, Câmara RBG, Nobre LTDB, Costa MSSP, Almeida-Lima J, Farias EHC, Leite EL, Rocha HAO (2010) Biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides from tropical seaweeds. Biomed Pharmacother 64:21–28
Costa C, Alves A, Pinto P, Sousa RA, Silva E, Reis RL, Rodrigues A (2012) Characterization of ulvan extracts to assess the effect of different steps in the extraction procedure. Carbohyd Polym 88:537–546
Costa-Pinto AR, Reis RL, Neves NM (2011) Scaffolds based bone tissue engineering: the role of chitosan. Tissue Eng Pt B-Rev 17:331–347
Courtois J (2009) Oligosaccharides from land plants and algae: production and applications in therapeutics and biotechnology. Curr Opin Microbiol 12:261–273
Cruz DMG, Ivirico JLE, Gomes MM, Ribelles JLG, Sánchez MS, Reis RL, Mano JF (2008) Chitosan microparticles as injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen M 2:378–380
d’Ayala G, Malinconico M, Laurienzo P (2008) Marine derived polysaccharides for biomedical applications: chemical modification approaches. Molecules 13:2069–2106
Daniels BA (2004a) Seaweed extract composition for retardation of cardiovascular disorders and preservation of healthy cardiovascular function. US Patent US 2004/0170645 (2 September 2004)
Daniels BA (2004b) Seaweed extract composition for treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. PCT Patent WO 2004/103280 (2 December 2004)
De la Fuente M, Hernanz A, Viniegra S, Miquel J (2011) Sulfur-containing antioxidants increase in vitro several functions of lymphocytes from mice. Int Immunopharmacol 11:661–669
de Reviers B, Leproux A (1993) Characterization of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link, Chlorophyta. Carbohyd Polym 22:253–259
Delattre C, Michaud P, Keller C, Elboutachfaiti R, Beven L, Courtois B, Courtois J (2006) Purification and characterization of a novel glucuronan lyase from Trichoderma sp. GL2. Appl Microbiol Biot 70:437–443
Demais H, Brendle J, Deit HL, Laza AL, Lurton L, Brault D (2006) Interspersed clay. PCT Patent WO 2006/030075 (23 March 2006)
Devaki T, Sathivel A, BalajiRaghavendran HR (2009) Stabilization of mitochondrial and microsomal function by polysaccharide of Ulva lactuca on D-Galactosamine induced hepatitis in rats. Chem-Biol Interact 177:83–88
Durand M, Beaumatin P, Bulman B, Bernalier A, Grivet JP, Serezat M, Gramet G, Lahaye M (1997) Fermentation of green alga sea-lettuce (Ulva sp) and metabolism of its sulphate by human colonic microbiota in a semi-continuous culture system. Reprod Nutr Dev 37:267–283
El-Baky HHA, Baz FKE, Baroty GSE (2009) Potential biological properties of sulphated polysaccharides extracted from the macroalgae Ulva lactuca L. Acad J Cancer Res 2:01–11
Elboutachfaiti R, Pheulpin P, Courtois B, Courtois-Sambourg J (2010) Method for enzyme cleavage of polysaccharides derived from green algae. US Patent US 2010/0261894 (14 October 2010)
Elboutachfaiti R, Delattre C, Petit E, Michaud P (2011) Polyglucuronic acids: structures, functions and degrading enzymes. Carbohyd Polym 84:1–13
Ertesvag H, Valla S (1998) Biosynthesis and applications of alginates. Polym Degrad Stabil 59:85–91
Faury G, Molinari J, Rusova E, Mariko B, Raveaud S, Huber P, Velebny V, Robert AM, Robert L (2011) Receptors and aging: structural selectivity of the rhamnose-receptor on fibroblasts as shown by Ca2+-mobilization and gene-expression profiles. Arch Gerontol Geriat 53:106–112
Fialho AM, Moreira LM, Granja AT, Popescu AO, Hoffmann K, Sá-Correia I (2008) Occurrence, production, and applications of gellan: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biot 79:889–900
France M (2009) Methods and compositions for treating hot flashes. PCT Patent WO 2009/142745 (26 November 2009)
Freitas MBD, Stadnik MJ (2012) Race-specific and ulvan-induced defense responses in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 78:8–13
Ghisalberti C (2010) Enhanced treatment of joint and connective tissue damage. PCT Patent WO 2010/109256 (30 September 2010)
Gosselin CC, Holt A, Lowe PA (1964) Polysaccharides of Enteromorpha species. J Chem Soc:5877–5880
Grenha A, Gomes ME, Rodrigues M, Santo VE, Mano JF, Neves NM, Reis RL (2009) Development of new chitosan/carrageenan nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 92A:1265–1272
Harada N, Maeda M (1998) Chemical structure of antithrombin-active rhamnan sulfate from Monostrom nitidum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochnol 62:1647–1652
Hayden HS, Blomster J, Maggs CA, Silva PC, Stanhope MJ, Waaland JR (2003) Linnaeus was right all along: Ulva and Enteromorpha are not distinct genera. Eur J Phycol 38:277–294
Hernández-Garibay E, Zertuche-González J, Pacheco-Ruíz I (2010) Isolation and chemical characterization of algal polysaccharides from the green seaweed Ulva clathrata (Roth) C. Agardh. J Appl Phycol 23:537–542
Jani GK, Shah DP, Prajapati VD, Jain VC (2009) Gums and mucilages: versatile excipients for pharmaceutical formulations. Asian J Pharm Sci 4:309–323
Jaulneau V, Lafitte C, Jacquet C, Fournier S, Salamagne S, Briand X, Esquerré-Tugayé M-T, Dumas B (2010) Ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide from green algae, activates plant immunity through the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010:1–11. doi:10.1155/2010/525291
Jensen A (1993) Present and future needs for algae and algal products. Hydrobiologia 260/261:15–23
Jiao G, Yu G, Zhang J, Ewart HS (2011) Chemical structures and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae. Mar Drugs 9:196–223
Kaeffer B, Benard C, Lahaye M, Blottiere HM, Cherbut C (1999) Biological properties of ulvan, a new source of green seaweed sulfated polysaccharides, on cultured normal and cancerous colonic epithelial tells. Planta Med 65:527–531
Khotimchenko YS, Khozhaenko EV, Khotimchenko MY, Kolenchenko EA, Kovalev VV (2010) Carrageenans as a new source of drugs with metal binding properties. Mar Drugs 8:1106–1121
Kim SK, Ravichandran YD, Khan SB, Kim YT (2008) Prospective of the cosmeceuticals derived from marine organisms. Biotechnol Bioproc Eng 13:511–523
Kitada K, Machmudah S, Sasaki M, Goto M, Nakashima Y, Kumamoto S, Hasegawa T (2008) Supercritical CO2 extraction of pigment components with pharmaceutical importance from Chlorella vulgaris. J Chem Technol Biot 84:657–661
Kreisman LSC, Friedman JH, Neaga A, Cobb BA (2007) Structure and function relations with a T-cell-activating polysaccharide antigen using circular dichroism. Glycobiology 17:46–55
Kuda T, Ikemori T (2009) Minerals, polysaccharides and antioxidant properties of aqueous solutions obtained from macroalgal beach-casts in the Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa, Japan. Food Chem 112:575–581
Lahaye M (1991) Marine algae as sources of fibres: determination of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre contents in some sea vegetables. J Sci Food Agr 54:587–594
Lahaye M (1998) NMR spectroscopic characterisation of oligosaccharides from two Ulva rigida ulvan samples (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) degraded by a lyase. Carbohyd Res 314:1–12
Lahaye M (2001) Chemistry and physico-chemistry of phycocolloids. Cah Biol Mar 42:137–157
Lahaye M, Axelos MAV (1993) Gelling properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from proliferating marine green seaweeds (Ulva spp.). Carbohyd Polym 22:261–265
Lahaye M, Jegou D (1993) Chemical and physical-chemical characteristics of dietary fibres from Ulva lactuca (L.) Thuret and Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Grev. J Appl Phycol 5:195–200
Lahaye M, Ray B (1996) Cell-wall polysaccharides from the marine green alga Ulva rigida (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)—NMR analysis of ulvan oligosaccharides. Carbohyd Res 283:161–173
Lahaye M, Robic A (2007) Structure and functional properties of ulvan, a polysaccharide from green seaweeds. Biomacromolecules 8:1765–1774
Lahaye M, Jegou D, Buleon A (1994) Chemical characteristics of insoluble glucans from the cell wall of the marine green alga Ulva lactuca (L.) Thuret. Carbohyd Res 262:115–125
Lahaye M, Brunel M, Bonnin E (1997) Fine chemical structure analysis of oligosaccharides produced by an ulvan-lyase degradation of the water-soluble cell-wall polysaccharides from Ulva sp. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). Carbohyd Res 304:325–333
Lahaye M, Inizan F, Vigoureux J (1998) NMR analysis of the chemical structure of ulvan and of ulvan-boron complex formation. Carbohyd Polym 36:239–249
Lahaye M, Cimadevilla EA-C, Kuhlenkamp R, Quemener B, Lognoné V, Dion P (1999) Chemical composition and 13C NMR spectroscopic characterisation of ulvans from Ulva (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). J Appl Phycol 11:1–7
Larraz E, Elvira C, Fernandez M, Parra J, Collia F, Lopez-Bravo A, Roman JS (2007) Self-curing acrylic formulations with applications in intervertebral disk restoration: drug release and biological behaviour. J Tissue Eng Regen M 1:120–127
Lazaridou A, Biliaderis CG, Micha-Screttas M, Steele BR (2004) A comparative study on structure-function relations of mixed-linkage (1-3), (1-4) linear β-D-glucans. Food Hydrocolloid 18:837–855
Leiro JM, Castro R, Arranz JA, Lamas J (2007) Immunomodulating activities of acidic sulphated polysaccharides obtained from the seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh. Int Immunopharmacol 7:879–888
Linhardt RJ, Galliher PM, Cooney CL (1986) Polysaccharide lyases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 12:135–176
Love J, Percival E (1964) Polysaccharides of green seaweed Codium fragile. 2. Water-soluble sulphated polysaccharides. J Chem Soc:3338–3345
Luque de Castro MD, Garcia-Ayuso LE (1998) Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future. Anal Chim Acta 369:1–10
Maeda M, Uehara T, Takeshita M (1992) Polysaccharide composition or polysaccharide having heparinoid activity, process for producing the same, and anticoagulant containing the same as active agent. Patent EP 0475383 (18 March 1992)
Mano JF, Silva GA, Azevedo HS, Malafaya PB, Sousa RA, Silva SS, Boesel LF, Oliveira JM, Santos TC, Marques AP, Neves NM, Reis RL (2007) Natural origin biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: present status and some moving trends. J Roy Soc Interface 4:999–1030
Mao W, Zang X, Li Y, Zhang H (2006) Sulfated polysaccharides from marine green algae Ulva conglobata and their anticoagulant activity. J Appl Phycol 18:9–14
Massarelli I, Murgia L, Bianucci AM, Chiellini F, Chiellini E (2007) Understanding the selectivity mechanism of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) toward gal- and man-type ligands for predicting interactions with exogenous sugars. Int J Mol Sci 8:13–28
Matsuo K-SY (2004) Novel chemical substance having morphogenetic and growth-accelerating activities. US Patent US 2004/0228854 (18 November 2004)
McKinnell JP, Percival E (1962a) Acid polysaccharide from green seaweed, Ulva lactuca. J Chem Soc:2082–2083
McKinnell JP, Percival E (1962b) Structural investigations on water-soluble polysaccharide of green seaweed Enteromorpha compressa. J Chem Soc:3141–3148
Mejía-Teniente L, Torres-Pacheco I, González-Chavira MM, Ocampo-Velazquez RV, Herrera-Ruiz G, Chapa-Oliver AM, Guevara-González RG (2010) Use of elicitors as an approach for sustainable agriculture. Afr J Biotechnol 9:9155–9162
Michaud P, Costa AD, Courtois B, Courtois J (2003) Polysaccharide lyases: recent developments as biotechnological tools. Crit Rev Biotechnol 23:233–266
Michel C, Macfarlane GT (1996) Digestive fates of soluble polysaccharides from marine macroalgae: involvement of the colonic microflora and physiological consequences for the host. J Appl Bacteriol 80:349–369
Montealegre JR, López C, Stadnik MJ, Henríquez JL, Herrera R, Polanco R, Piero RMD, Pérez LM (2010) Control of grey rot of apple fruits by biologically active natural products. Trop Plant Pathol 35:271–276
Morand P, Briand X (1996) Excessive growth of macroalgae: a symptom of environmental disturbance. Bot Mar 39:491–516
Morelli A, Chiellini F (2010) Ulvan as a new type of biomaterial from renewable resources: functionalization and hydrogel preparation. Macromol Chem Phys 211:821–832
Msuya F, Neori A (2008) Effect of water aeration and nutrient load level on biomass yield, N uptake and protein content of the seaweed Ulva lactuca cultured in seawater tanks. J Appl Phycol 20:1021–1031
Muto S, Niimura K, Oohara M, Oguchi Y, Matsunaga K, Hirose K, Kakuchi J, Sugita N, Furusho T, Yoshikumi C, Takahashi M (1992) Polysaccharides and antiviral drugs containing the same as active agent. US Patent US 5089481 (18 February 1992)
O’Mara AM, O’Mara BJ (2009) Detoxification composition and method of detoxifying the body. US Patent US 2009/0060942 (5 March 2009)
Oakes JM, Eyre BD, Middelburg JJ, Boschker HTS (2010) Composition, production, and loss of carbohydrates in subtropical shallow subtidal sandy sediments: rapid processing and long-term retention revealed by 13C-labeling. Limnol Oceanogr 55:2126–2138
Oliveira JT, Reis RL (2011) Polysaccharide-based materials for cartilage tissue engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regen M 5:421–436
Ortiz J, Romero N, Robert P, Araya J, Lopez-Hernandez J, Bozzo C, Navarrete E, Osorio A, Rios A (2006) Dietary fiber, amino acid, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the edible seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Durvillaea antarctica. Food Chem 99:98–104
Ovodov YS (1975) The chemistry of glycuronoglycans. Chem Nat Compd 3:300–315
Paradossi G, Cavalieri F, Pizzoferrato L, Liquori AM (1999) A physico-chemical study on the polysaccharide ulvan from hot water extraction of the macroalga Ulva. Int J Biol Macromol 25:309–315
Paradossi G, Cavalieri F, Chiessi E (2002) A conformational study on the algal polysaccharide ulvan. Macromolecules 35:6404–6411
Paulert R, Talamini V, Cassolato JEF, Duarte MER, Noseda MD, Smania A Jr, Stadnik MJ (2009) Effects of sulfated polysaccharide and alcoholic extracts from green seaweed Ulva fasciata on anthracnose severity and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Plant Dis Protect 116:263–270
Pengzhan Y, Ning L, Xiguang L, Gefei Z, Quanbin Z, Pengcheng L (2003a) Antihyperlipidemic effects of different molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta). Pharmacol Res 48:543–549
Pengzhan Y, Quanbin Z, Ning L, Zuhong X, Yanmei W, Zhi’en L (2003b) Polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) and preliminary studies on their antihyperlipidemia activity. J Appl Phycol 15:21–27
Percival E, Wold JK (1963) Acid polysaccharide from green seaweed Ulva lactuca. 2. Site of ester sulphate. J Chem Soc:5459–5468
Pereira RC, Scaranari M, Castagnola P, Grandizio M, Azevedo HS, Reis RL, Cancedda R, Gentili C (2009) Novel injectable gel (system) as a vehicle for human articular chondrocytes in cartilage tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen M 3:97–106
Pomponi SA (1999) The bioprocess-technological potential of the sea. J Biotechnol 70:5–13
Popa EG, Gomes ME, Reis RL (2011) Cell delivery systems using alginate–carrageenan hydrogel beads and fibers for regenerative medicine applications. Biomacromolecules 12:3952–3961
Popper ZA, Fry SC (2003) Primary cell wall composition of bryophytes and charophytes. Ann Bot 91:1–12
Popper ZA, Michel G, Hervé C, Domozych DS, Willats WGT, Tuohy MG, Kloareg B, Stengel DB (2011) Evolution and diversity of plant cell walls: from algae to flowering plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 62:567–590
Qi H, Zhang Q, Zhao T, Chen R, Zhang H, Niu X, Li Z (2005a) Antioxidant activity of different sulfate content derivatives of polysaccharide extracted from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta) in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 37:195–199
Qi H, Zhao T, Zhang Q, Li Z, Zhao Z, Xing R (2005b) Antioxidant activity of different molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa Kjellm (Chlorophyta). J Appl Phycol 17:527–534
Qi H, Zhang Q, Zhao T, Hu R, Zhang K, Li Z (2006) In vitro antioxidant activity of acetylated and benzoylated derivatives of polysaccharide extracted from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 16:2441–2445
Qi H, Liu X, Ma J, Zhang Q, Li Z (2010) In vitro antioxidant activity of acetylated derivatives of polysaccharide extracted from Ulva pertusa (Cholorophta). J Med Plants Res 4:2445–2451
Quemener B, Lahaye M, Bobin-Dubigeon C (1997) Sugar determination in ulvans by a chemical-enzymatic method coupled to high performance anion exchange chromatography. J Appl Phycol 9:179–188
Ranson M, Gutierrez G, Brault D, Le Deit H, Pages-Xatart-Pares X, Alfos C (2007) Product resulting from grafting of fatty chains to ulvans and use of said product as a surfactant. PCT Patent WO 2007/045795 (26 April 2007)
Ray B (2006) Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha compressa: isolation, purification and structural features. Carbohyd Polym 66:408–416
Ray B, Lahaye M (1995a) Cell-wall polysaccharides from the marine green alga Ulva rigida (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). Chemical structure of ulvan. Carbohyd Res 274:313–318
Ray B, Lahaye M (1995b) Cell-wall polysaccharides from the marine green alga Ulva rigida (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). Extraction and chemical composition. Carbohyd Res 274:251–261
Renn DW (1984) Agar and agarose: indispensable partners in biotechnology. Ind Eng Chem Res Dev 23:17–21
Robic A, Sassi JF, Lahaye M (2008) Impact of stabilization treatments of the green seaweed Ulva rotundata (Chlorophyta) on the extraction yield, the physico-chemical and rheological properties of ulvan. Carbohyd Polym 74:344–352
Robic A, Gaillard C, Sassi J-F, Lerat Y, Lahaye M (2009a) Ultrastructure of ulvan: a polysaccharide from green seaweeds. Biopolymers 91:652–664
Robic A, Rondeau-Mouro C, Sassi JF, Lerat Y, Lahaye M (2009b) Structure and interactions of ulvan in the cell wall of the marine green algae Ulva rotundata (Ulvales, Chlorophyceae). Carbohyd Polym 77:206–216
Robic A, Sassi J-F, Dion P, Lerat Y, Lahaye M (2009c) Seasonal variability of physicochemical and rheological properties of ulvan in two Ulva species (Chlorophyta) from the Brittany Coast. J Phycol 45:962–973
Rochet V, Bernalier A (1997) Utilization of algal polysaccharides by human colonic bacteria, in axenic culture or in association with hydrogenotrophic microorganisms. Reprod Nutr Dev 37:221–229
Santo VE, Frias AM, Carida M, Cancedda R, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL (2009) Carrageenan-based hydrogels for the controlled delivery of PDGF-BB in bone tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules 10:1392–1401
Santos TC, Marques AP, Silva SS, Oliveira JM, Mano JF, Castro AG, Reis RL (2007) In vitro evaluation of the behaviour of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in direct contact with chitosan-based membranes. J Biotechnol 132:218–226
Sathivel A, BalajiRaghavendran HR, Srinivasan P, Devaki T (2008) Anti-peroxidative and anti-hyperlipidemic nature of Ulva lactuca crude polysaccharide on D-galactosamine induced hepatitis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 46:3262–3267
Schijf J, Ebling AM (2010) Investigation of the ionic strength dependence of Ulva lactuca acid functional group pKas by manual alkalimetric titrations. Environ Sci Technol 44:1644–1649
Siddhanta AK, Goswami AM, Ramavat BK, Mody KH, Mairh OP (2001) Water soluble polysaccharides of marine algal species of Ulva (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) of Indian waters. Indian J Mar Sci 30:166–172
Silva SS, Duarte ARC, Carvalho AP, Mano JF, Reis RL (2011) Green processing of porous chitin structures for biomedical applications combining ionic liquids and supercritical fluid technology. Acta Biomater 7:1166–1172
Smit AJ (2004) Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of seaweed natural products: a review. J Appl Phycol 16:245–262
Takemura KM, Iljima KM, Tateno OY, Okamoto N, Fuse M (1986) Process for preparing L-rhamnose. US Patent US 4758283 (19 July 1988)
Tavernier ML, Delattre C, Petit E, Michaud P (2008) β-(1,4)-polyglucuronic acids—an overview Open. Biotechnol J 2:73–86
Toskas G, Hund R-D, Laourine E, Cherif C, Smyrniotopoulos V, Roussis V (2011) Nanofibers based on polysaccharides from the green seaweed Ulva rigida. Carbohyd Polym 84:1093–1102
van Rooijen N, Sanders A (1997) Elimination, blocking, and activation of macrophages: three of a kind? J Leukocyte Biol 62:702–709
Warrand J (2006) Healthy polysaccharides—the next chapter in food products. Food Technol Biotechnol 44:355–370
Webster EA, Gadd GM (1996) Cadmium replaces calcium in the cell wall of Ulva lactuca. BioMetals 9:241–244
Webster EA, Murphy AJ, Chudek JA, Gadd GM (1997) Metabolism-independent binding of toxic metals by Ulva lactuca: cadmium binds to oxygen-containing groups, as determined by NMR. BioMetals 10:105–117
Weisberg E, Baumann L (2009) Cosmetic and drug regulation. In: Baumann L, Saghari S, Weisberg E (eds) Cosmetic dermatology, principles and practice, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 241–244
Wijesekara I, Pangestuti R, Kima S-K (2011) Biological activities and potential health benefits of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae. Carbohyd Polym 84:14–21
Williams PA (2009) Molecular interactions of plant and algal polysaccharides. Struct Chem 20:299–308
Wong KH, Cheung PCK (2000) Nutritional evaluation of some subtropical red and green seaweeds: Part I—Proximate composition, amino acid profiles and some physico-chemical properties. Food Chem 71:475–482
Wood CG (1974) Seaweed extracts: a unique ocean resource. J Chem Educ 51:449–452
Xiong S, Hou D, Huang N (2010) Isolation and antioxidant activity of acidic polysaccharide with water-solubility from Prunella Vulgaris Linn. 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE), Chengdu, China:1–5
Yamamoto M (1980) Physicochemical studies on sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds at various temperatures. Agr Biol Chem Tokyo 44:589–593
Yang L, Zhang L-M (2009) Chemical structural and chain conformational characterization of some bioactive polysaccharides isolated from natural sources. Carbohyd Polym 76:349–361
Yapo BM (2011) Rhamnogalacturonan-I: a structurally puzzling and functionally versatile polysaccharide from plant cell walls and mucilages. Polym Rev 51:391–413
Zhang HJ, Mao WJ, Fang F, Li HY, Sun HH, Chen Y, Qi XH (2008) Chemical characteristics and anticoagulant activities of a sulfated polysaccharide and its fragments from Monostroma latissimum. Carbohyd Polym 71:428–434
Acknowledgments
Anabela Alves is grateful for financial support from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the SFRH/BD/39359/2007 grant. This work was partially supported by the project IBEROMARE approved by the Operational Programme for Cross-border Cooperation: Spain–Portugal, 2007–2013 (POCTEP), with funding contribution through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF co-funding) and POCTEP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alves, A., Sousa, R.A. & Reis, R.L. A practical perspective on ulvan extracted from green algae. J Appl Phycol 25, 407–424 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9875-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9875-4