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Introduced Macroalgae – a Growing Concern

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Abstract

Introductions of non-indigenous species to new ecosystems are one of the major threats to biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services. Globally, species introductions may lead to biotic homogenisation, in synergy with other anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and coastal pollution. Successful marine introductions depend on (1) presence of a transport vector, uptake of propagules and journey survival of the species; (2) suitable environmental conditions in the receiving habitat; and (3) biological traits of the invader to facilitate establishment. Knowledge has improved of the distribution, biology and ecology of high profile seaweed invaders, e.g. Caulerpa taxifolia, Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides, Sargassum muticum, and Undaria pinnatifida. Limited, regional information is available for less conspicuous species. The mechanisms of seaweed introductions are little understood as research on introduced seaweeds has been mostly reactive, following discoveries of introductions. Sources of introductions mostly cannot be determined with certainty apart from those directly associated with aquaculture activities and few studies have addressed the sometimes serious ecological and economic impacts of seaweed introductions. Future research needs to elucidate the invasion process, interactions between invaders, and impacts of introductions to support prevention and management of seaweed introductions.

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Author notes

  1. Britta Schaffelke

    Present address: Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, MC, QLD 4810, Australia

  2. Jennifer E. Smith

    Present address: University of California, 735 State St., Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA

  3. Chad L. Hewitt

    Present address: National Centre for Marine and Coastal Conservation, Australian Maritime College, Private Bag 10, Rosebud, VIC 3939, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CRC Reef Research Centre and James Cook University, PO Box 772, Townsville, 4810, QLD, Australia

    Britta Schaffelke

  2. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Jennifer E. Smith

  3. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biosecurity New Zealand, PO Box 2526, Wellington, 6001, New Zealand

    Chad L. Hewitt

Authors
  1. Britta Schaffelke
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Correspondence to Britta Schaffelke.

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Schaffelke, B., Smith, J.E. & Hewitt, C.L. Introduced Macroalgae – a Growing Concern. J Appl Phycol 18, 529–541 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-006-9074-2

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