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Interaction of Blood Manganese Concentrations with GSTT1 in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jamaican Children

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Abstract

Using data from 266 age- and sex-matched pairs of Jamaican children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) controls (2–8 years), we investigated whether glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) modifies the association between blood manganese concentrations (BMC) and ASD. After adjusting conditional logistic regression models for socioeconomic status and the interaction between GSTT1 and GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi 1), using a recessive genetic model for GSTT1 and either a co-dominant or dominant model for GSTP1, the interaction between GSTT1 and BMC was significant (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, respectively). Compared to controls, ASD cases with GSTT1-DD genotype had 4.33 and 4.34 times higher odds of BMC > 12 vs. ≤ 8.3 μg/L, respectively. Replication in other populations is warranted.

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Acknowledgements

This research is funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) by a grant (R01ES022165), as well as the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center (NIH-FIC) by a grant (R21HD057808) awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. We also acknowledge the support provided by the Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) component of the Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS) for this project. CCTS is mainly funded by the NIH Centers for Translational Science Award (NIH CTSA) grant (UL1 RR024148), awarded to University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 2006 by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), and its 2012 renewal (UL1 TR000371) as well as another 2019 grant (UL1 TR003167) by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). Furthermore, we acknowledge that the collection and management of survey data were done using REDCap (Harris et al. 2009). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NICHD, NIH-FIC, NIEHS, NCRR, or NCATS. Finally, we acknowledge contributions by colleagues in the Analytical Chemistry Lab at MDHHS for analyzing and storing the whole blood samples for the assessments of Mn concentrations, under a service contract.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Mohammad H. Rahbar, Sepideh Saroukhani, Jan Bressler & Megan L. Grove

  2. Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, UT Professional Building, Suite 1100.05, Houston, 77030, TX, USA

    Mohammad H. Rahbar

  3. Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, UT Professional Building, Suite 1100.05, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Mohammad H. Rahbar, Sepideh Saroukhani, Jing Zhang & Manouchehr Hessabi

  4. Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica

    Maureen Samms-Vaughan & Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington

  5. Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    MinJae Lee

  6. Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    MinJae Lee

  7. Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Jing Zhang

  8. Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Jan Bressler & Megan L. Grove

  9. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA

    Katherine A. Loveland

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  1. Mohammad H. Rahbar
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Contributions

MHR is Principal Investigator (PI) of the ERAJ study from which these data originated and is responsible for designing, obtaining funding and execution of this project. MHR is also primarily responsible for analyzing the data, interpreting the findings, and revising the manuscript. MSV is co-investigator and PI of subcontract to the UWI for the ERAJ study and is responsible for designing the study and providing oversight to our study team in Jamaica. MSV also participated in revising the manuscript. SS significantly contributed to analyzing the data, interpreting the findings, drafting and revising the manuscript. ML was the statistician in the ERAJ study and participated in interpreting the findings and revising the manuscript. JB and KL are co-Investigators of the ERAJ study who contributed to study design and participated in revising the manuscript. JZ participated in analyzing the data and interpreting the findings. MH is responsible for data management of the ERAJ study and participated in revising the manuscript. MLG contributed to study design and participated in revising the manuscript. SSP is responsible for data collection and participated in revising the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad H. Rahbar.

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Conflict of interest

Mohammad H. Rahbar, Maureen Samms-Vaughan, Sepideh Saroukhani, MinJae Lee, Jing Zhang, Jan Bressler, Manouchehr Hessabi, Sydonnie Shakespeare-Pellington, Megan L. Grove, Katherine A. Loveland declares that they has no conflict of interest.

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Rahbar, M.H., Samms-Vaughan, M., Saroukhani, S. et al. Interaction of Blood Manganese Concentrations with GSTT1 in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jamaican Children. J Autism Dev Disord 51, 1953–1965 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04677-z

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