Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epoxy Resin (DGEBA/TETA) Exposed to Water: a Spectroscopic Investigation to Determine Water-Epoxy Interactions

  • Published:
Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Epoxy resin, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA), is known to be hygroscopic in nature, which eventually leads to mechanical performance degradation of the material. The long-standing debate on the nature of water-epoxy interaction has been investigated in this study with the help of terahertz spectroscopy, which is able to probe sub 100 cm− 1 wavenumbers in which hydrogen bonds of water are active as well as infrared spectroscopy, which is able to probe 600–1000 cm− 1 in which the libration motions of the water molecules are dominant. Based on observations, it can be demonstrated that both hydrogen-bonded water (with epoxy) and free interstitial water (hydrogen-bonded with itself) is present when the epoxy resin is exposed to normal or saline water. A schematic diagram is presented to demonstrate epoxy-water interactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.I.B. Tavares, J. D’almeida, S. Monteiro, Journal of applied polymer science 78(13), 2358 (2000).

  2. F.G. Garcia, B.G. Soares, V.J. Pita, R. Sánchez, J. Rieumont, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 106(3), 2047 (2007).

  3. C.A. Wood, W.L. Bradley, Composites science and Technology 57(8), 1033 (1997).

  4. L.R. Xu, A. Krishnan, H. Ning, U. Vaidya, Composites Part B: Engineering 43(5), 2480 (2012).

  5. A. Siriruk, D. Penumadu, Y.J. Weitsman, Composites Science and Technology 69(6), 821 (2009).

  6. K. Imielińska, L. Guillaumat, Composites Science and Technology 64(13-14), 2271 (2004).

  7. L.H. Strait, M.L. Karasek, M.F. Amateau, Journal of composite materials 26(14), 2118 (1992).

  8. A. Siriruk, D. Penumadu, Composites Part B: Engineering 61, 94 (2014).

  9. B. Wei, H. Cao, S. Song, Corrosion Science 53(1), 426 (2011).

  10. P. Suma Sindhu, D. Ghindani, N. Mitra, S.S. Prabhu, Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 34(20), 2262 (2020).

  11. P. Moy, F. Karasz, Polymer Engineering & Science 20(4), 315 (1980).

  12. L. Jelinski, J. Dumais, A. Cholli, T. Ellis, F. Karasz, Macromolecules 18(6), 1091 (1985).

  13. M. Woo, M.R. Piggott, Journal of Composites, Technology and Research 9(3), 101 (1987).

  14. M. Antoon, J. Koenig, T. Serafini, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19(10), 1567 (1981).

  15. J. Zhou, J.P. Lucas, Polymer 40(20), 5505 (1999).

  16. L. Thrane, R.H. Jacobsen, P.U. Jepsen, S. Keiding, Chemical Physics Letters 240(4), 330 (1995).

  17. C. Rønne, P.O. Åstrand, S.R. Keiding, Physical review letters 82(14), 2888 (1999).

  18. D. Prasad, N. Mitra, S. Bandyopadhyay, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 123(30), 6529 (2019).

  19. D.M. Carey, G.M. Korenowski, The Journal of chemical physics 108(7), 2669 (1998).

  20. G. Walrafen, The Journal of Chemical Physics 40(11), 3249 (1964).

  21. S. Krishnamurthy, R. Bansil, J. Wiafe-Akenten, The Journal of Chemical Physics 79(12), 5863 (1983).

  22. J. Hasted, S. Husain, F. Frescura, J. Birch, Chemical Physics Letters 118(6), 622 (1985).

  23. M.A. González, J.L. Abascal, The Journal of chemical physics 135(22), 224516 (2011).

  24. C. Jördens, S. Wietzke, M. Scheller, M. Koch, Polymer Testing 29(2), 209 (2010).

  25. K. Krügener, S. Sommer, E. Stübling, R. Jachim, M. Koch, W. Viöl, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves pp. 1–5 (2019).

  26. M. Selver, M. Secmen, E. Zoral, in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1141 (IOP Publishing, 2018), vol. 1141, p. 012151.

  27. P.S. Sindhu, D. Prasad, S. Peli, N. Mitra, P. Datta, Journal of Molecular Structure 1184, 114 (2019).

  28. A. Apicella, L. Nicolais, C. De Cataldis, in: Characterization of polymers in the solid state I: Part A: NMR and other spectroscopic methods Part B: mechanical methods (Springer, 1985), pp. 189–207.

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to acknowledge the laboratory facilities at Photonics lab, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, and Center for Research Facilities at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

    P Suma Sindhu & Nilanjan Mitra

  2. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India

    Dipa Ghindani & Shriganesh S Prabhu

Authors
  1. P Suma Sindhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nilanjan Mitra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dipa Ghindani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shriganesh S Prabhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nilanjan Mitra.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

(PDF 176 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sindhu, P.S., Mitra, N., Ghindani, D. et al. Epoxy Resin (DGEBA/TETA) Exposed to Water: a Spectroscopic Investigation to Determine Water-Epoxy Interactions. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 42, 558–571 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-021-00788-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-021-00788-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation