Abstract
In this paper, a terahertz metasurface supercell consists of two ring resonators with slightly different radii is proposed. Electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT)–like resonance is excited with an ultrahigh figure of merit. Furthermore, the impact of the coupling between the two rings is investigated on the transmission amplitude response, the quality factor, and the EIT peak amplitude by varying the radius of the top resonator. The achieved figure of merit of the EIT peak reaches 88.65 and almost 20,000 when gold and a perfect electric conductor are used for the metallic layer, respectively. The simplicity and unique properties of the proposed design could render it to be a desirable candidate for filtering, slow light applications, and sensing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Soukoulis CM, Linden S, Wegener M, Armakolas W (2007) Negative refractive index at optical wavelengths. Science 315:47–50
Chen H-T, Taylor AJ, Yu N (2016) A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications. Reports Prog Phys 79:76401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076401
Beruete M, Jáuregui‐López I (2020) Terahertz sensing based on metasurfaces. Adv Opt Mater. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Zheludev NI, Kivshar YS (2012) From metamaterials to metadevices. Nat Mater 11:917–924. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3431
Liu N, Langguth L, Weiss T, et al (2009) Plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency at the Drude damping limit. Nat Mater 8:758–762. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2495
Papasimakis N, Fedotov VA, Savinov V, et al (2016) Electromagnetic toroidal excitations in matter and free space. Nat Mater 15:263–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4563
Doeleman HM, Monticone F, Den Hollander W, et al (2018) Experimental observation of a polarization vortex at an optical bound state in the continuum. Nat Photonics 12:397–401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0177-5
Gu J, Singh R, Liu X, et al (2012) Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz metamaterials. Nat Commun 3:1151–1156. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2153
Chen X, Fan W (2020) Tunable Bound States in the Continuum in All-Dielectric Terahertz Metasurfaces. Nanomaterials 10:623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040623
Liang M, Member S, Wu Z, et al (2011) Terahertz characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube and graphene on-substrate thin films. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 59:2719–2725
Manjappa M, Srivastava YK, Singh R (2016) Lattice-induced transparency in planar metamaterials. Phys Rev B. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.161103
Omer AE, Shaker G, Safavi-Naeini S, et al (2020) Low-cost portable microwave sensor for non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose level: novel design utilizing a four-cell CSRR hexagonal configuration. Sci Rep 10:1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72114-3
Hanna J, Bteich M, Tawk Y, et al (2020) Noninvasive, wearable, and tunable electromagnetic multisensing system for continuous glucose monitoring, mimicking vasculature anatomy. Sci Adv 6:5320–5330. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba5320
Hara JFO, Singh R, Brener I, et al (2008) Thin-film sensing with planar terahertz metamaterials: sensitivity and limitations. Opt Express 16:1786–1795
Jahn D, Eckstein R, Schneider LM, et al (2017) Digital Aerosol Jet Printing for the Fabrication of Terahertz Metamaterials. Adv Mater Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201700236
Kumar A, Wang C, Meng FY, et al (2020) High-sensitivity, quantified, linear and mediator-free resonator-based microwave biosensor for glucose detection. Sensors (Switzerland) 20:1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/s20144024
Cong L, Tan S, Yahiaoui R, et al (2015) Experimental demonstration of ultrasensitive sensing with terahertz metamaterial absorbers : A comparison with the metasurfaces. Appl Phys Lett 106:31107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4906109
Singh R, Cao W, Al-Naib I, et al (2014) Ultrasensitive terahertz sensing with high-Q Fano resonances in metasurfaces. Appl Phys Lett 105:171101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4895595
Srivastava YK, Ako RT, Gupta M, et al (2019) Terahertz sensing of 7nm dielectric film with bound states in the continuum metasurfaces. Appl Phys Lett 115:151105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110383
Feth N, König M, Husnik M, et al (2010) Electromagnetic interaction of split-ring resonators: The role of separation and relative orientation. Opt Express 18:6545–6554
Jansen C, Al-Naib IAI, Born N, Koch M (2010) Terahertz metasurfaces with high Q-factors. Appl Phys Lett 98:35032. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3553193
Limonov MF, Rybin M V, Poddubny AN, Kivshar YS (2017) Fano resonances in photonics. Nat Photonics 11:543–554. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.142
Tan TCW, Plum E, Singh R (2020) Lattice‐Enhanced Fano Resonances from Bound States in the Continuum Metasurfaces. Adv Opt Mater 8:1901572. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901572
Kupriianov AS, Xu Y, Sayanskiy A, et al (2019) Metasurface Engineering through Bound States in the Continuum. Phys Rev Appl 12:014024. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.014024
Al-Naib I (2018) Thin-Film Sensing via Fano Resonance Excitation in Symmetric Terahertz Metamaterials. J Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves 39:1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-017-0448-0
Liu N, Weiss T, Mesch M, et al (2010) Planar metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency for plasmonic sensing. Nano Lett 10:1103–1107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/nl902621d
Tassin P, Zhang L, Koschny T, et al (2009) Low-Loss Metamaterials Based on Classical Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. Phys Rev Lett 102:053901. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.053901
Singh R, Al-Naib IAI, Yang Y, et al (2011) Observing metamaterial induced transparency in individual Fano resonators with broken symmetry. Appl Phys Lett 99:201107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3659494
Bai Q, Liu C, Chen J, et al (2010) Tunable slow light in semiconductor metamaterial in a broad terahertz regime. J Appl Phys 107:93104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3357291
Yan X, Yang M, Zhang Z, et al (2019) The terahertz electromagnetically induced transparency-like metamaterials for sensitive biosensors in the detection of cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 126:485–492. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.014
Papasimakis N, Fu YH, Fedotov VA, et al (2009) Metamaterial with polarization and direction insensitive resonant transmission response mimicking electromagnetically induced transparency. Appl Phys Lett 94:211902. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3138868
Al-Naib IAI, Jansen C, Born N, Koch M (2011) Polarization and angle independent terahertz metamaterials with high Q-factors. Appl Phys Lett 98:091107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3562372
Born N, Al-Naib I, Jansen C, et al (2015) Terahertz Metamaterials with Ultrahigh Angular Sensitivity. Adv Opt Mater 3:642–645. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400469
Al-Naib I, Yang Y, Dignam MMM, et al (2015) Ultra-high Q even eigenmode resonance in terahertz metamaterials. Appl Phys Lett 106:11102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4905478
Cong L, Manjappa M, Xu N, et al (2015) Fano Resonances in Terahertz Metasurfaces: A Figure of Merit Optimization. Adv Opt Mater 3:1537–1543. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500207
Srivastava YK, Manjappa M, Cong L, et al (2016) Ultrahigh-Q Fano Resonances in Terahertz Metasurfaces: Strong Influence of Metallic Conductivity at Extremely Low Asymmetry. Adv Opt Mater 4:457–463. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500504
Funding
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number IF-2020-013-Eng at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University/College of Engineering.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Naib, I. Electromagnetic-Induced Transparency Resonance with Ultrahigh Figure of Merit Using Terahertz Metasurfaces. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 42, 371–379 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-021-00775-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-021-00775-w