Abstract
The effect of delayed reflection on frequency stabilization and pulling in a gyrotron oscillator is studied. Simple theoretical formulas for start-oscillation current, oscillation frequency, and frequency stabilization rate are derived in the framework of the linear (or small-signal) theory and verified by numerical simulation for the gyrotron with fixed axial profile of the RF field. Capabilities of increasing frequency stability are analyzed. A possibility of expanding frequency tunability range owing to excitation of high-order axial modes is demonstrated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. Kumar, U. Singh, A. Bera, and A.K. Sinha, “A review on the sub-THz/THz gyrotrons.” Infrared Phys. Technol. 76, 38–51, 2016.
T. Idehara, T. Saito, I. Ogawa, S. Mitsudo, Y. Tatematsu, and S. Sabchevski, “The potential of the gyrotrons for development of the sub-terahertz and the terahertz frequency range—a review of novel and prospective applications.” Thin Solid Films 517, 1503–1506, 2008.
M. Thumm, “Recent advances in the worldwide fusion gyrotron development.” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 42, 590-599, 2014.
M.Y. Glyavin, G.G. Denisov, V.E. Zapevalov, A.N. Kuftin, A.G. Luchinin, V.N. Manuilov, M.V. Morozkin, A.S. Sedov, and A. V. Chirkov, “Terahertz gyrotrons: state of the art and prospects.” J. Commun. Technol. Electronics 59, 792–797, 2014.
J.J. Choi and G.W. Choi, “Experimental observation of frequency locking and noise reduction in a self-injection-locked magnetron.” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 54, 3430-3432, 2007.
Y.P. Bliokh, Y.E. Krasik, and J. Felsteiner, “Self-injection-locked magnetron as an active ring resonator side coupled to a waveguide with a delayed feedback loop.” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 40, 78-82, 2012.
T.M. Antonsen, S.Y. Cai, and G.S. Nusinovich, “Effect of window reflection on gyrotron operation.” Phys. Plasmas 4, 4131–4139, 1992.
M.Y. Glyavin and V.E. Zapevalov, “Reflections influence on the gyrotron oscillation regimes.” Int. J. Infr. Millim. Waves 19, 1499–1511, 1998.
O. Dumbrajs, M.Y. Glyavin, V.E. Zapevalov, and N.A. Zavolsky, “Influence of reflections on mode competition in gyrotrons.” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28, 588–596, 2000.
O. Dumbrajs, “Influence of possible reflections on the operation of European ITER gyrotrons.” J. Infr. Millim. Terahertz Waves 31, 892–898, 2010.
M.M. Chumakova, S.A. Usacheva, M.Y. Glyavin, Y.V. Novozhilova, and N.M. Ryskin, “Mode competition in a two-mode gyrotron with delayed reflections.” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 42, 2030–2036, 2014.
G.M. Batanov, L.V. Kolik, Y.V. Novozhilova, M.I. Petelin, A.E. Petrov, K.A. Sarksyan, N.N. Skvortsova, and N.K. Kharchev, “Response of a gyrotron to small-amplitude low-frequency-modulated microwaves reflected from a plasma.” Tech. Phys. 46, 595–600, 2001.
G.M. Batanov, V.D. Borzosekov, L.V. Kolik, E.M. Konchekov, D.V. Malakhov, A.E. Petrov, K.A. Sarksyan, N.N. Skvortsova, V.D. Tepakhin, N.K. Kharchev, and M.I. Petelin, “Effect of electron-cyclotron resonance plasma heating conditions on the low-frequency modulation of the gyrotron power at the L-2M stellarator.” Plasma Phys. Rep. 41, 607-616, 2015.
A. Fernández, N. Kharchev, A. Pshenichnikov, Yu. Bondar, K. Sarksyan, A. Tolkachev, and M. Petelin, “Gyrotron radiation affected by a controlled modulated reflector: high power experiment.” Int. J. Infrared Millim. Waves 28, 705–711, 2007.
N. Kharchev, A. Cappa,·D. Malakhov, J. Martinez, E. Konchekov, A. Tolkachev, V. Borzosekov, K. Sarksyan, and M. Petelin, “Influence of controlled reflected power on gyrotron performance.” J. Infrared Millim. Terahz Waves 36, pp. 1145–1156, 2015.
M.Y. Glyavin, G.G. Denisov, M.L. Kulygin, and Y.V. Novozhilova, “Stabilization of gyrotron frequency by reflection from nonresonant and resonant loads.” Tech. Phys. Lett. 41, pp. 628–631, 2015.
M.Y. Glyavin, G.G. Denisov, M.L. Kulygin, M.M. Melnikova, Yu.V. Novozhilova, and N.M. Ryskin, “Gyrotron frequency stabilization by a weak reflected wave.” Radiophys. Quantum Electron. 58, 673-683, 2016.
M.M. Melnikova, A.G. Rozhnev, N.M. Ryskin, A.V. Tyshkun, M.Y. Glyavin, and Y.V. Novozhilova, “Frequency stabilization of a 0.67-THz gyrotron by self-injection locking.” IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 63, 1288-1293, 2016.
Y.V. Novozhilova, G.G. Denisov, M.Yu. Glyavin, N.M. Ryskin, V.L. Bakunin, A.A. Bogdashov, M.M. Melnikova, and A.P. Fokin, “Gyrotron frequency stabilization under the influence of external monochromatic signal or wave reflected from the load: Review,” Izv. Vyssh. Ucheb Zaved. Prikladnaya Nelineynaya Dinamika 25 (1), 4-34, 2017 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-2017-25-1-4-34
I.V. Zotova, G.G. Denisov, N.S. Ginzburg, A.S. Sergeev, and R.M. Rozental, “Time-domain theory of low-Q gyrotrons with frequency-dependent reflections of output radiation.” Phys. Plasmas 25, 013104, 2018.
A.A. Bogdashov, M.Y. Glyavin, R.M. Rozental’, A.P. Fokin, and V.P. Tarakanov, “Narrowing of the emission spectrum of a gyrotron with external reflections.” Tech. Phys. Lett. 44, 221–224, 2018.
M.Y. Glyavin, I. Ogawa, I.V. Zotova, N.S. Ginzburg, A.P. Fokin, A.S. Sergeev, R.M. Rozental, V.P. Tarakanov, A.A. Bogdashov, T.O. Krapivnitskaia, V.N. Manuilov, and T. Idehara, “Frequency stabilization in a sub-terahertz gyrotron with delayed reflections of output radiation.” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46, 2465-2469, 2018.
A.A. Bogdashov, A.P. Fokin, M.Yu. Glyavin, Yu.V. Novozhilova, A.S. Sedov, “Experimental study of the influence of reflections from a non-resonant load on the gyrotron operation regime.” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 41, 164–170, 2020.
E.M. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, A.N. Kuleshov, and K. Ueda “Gyrotron output power stabilization by PID feedback control of heater current and anode voltage.” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 35, 1018-1029, 2014.
E.M. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, A.N. Kuleshov, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Matsuki, and T. Fujiwara “Stabilization of gyrotron frequency by PID feedback control on the acceleration voltage.” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 36, 1157-1163, 2015.
A. Fokin, M. Glyavin, G. Golubiatnikov, L. Lubyako, M. Morozkin, B. Movschevich, A. Tsvetkov, and G. Denisov, “High-power sub-terahertz source with a record frequency stability at up to 1 Hz.” Sci. Rep. 8, 4317, 2018.
T.H. Chang, T. Idehara, I. Ogawa, L. Agusu, and S. Kobayashi, “Frequency tunable gyrotron using backward-wave components.” J. Appl. Phys. 105, 063304, 2009.
O. Dumbrajs, E.M. Khutoryan, and T. Idehara, “Hysteresis and frequency tunability of gyrotrons.” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 37, 551–560, 2016.
V.L. Bratman, A.V. Savilov, and T.H. Chang, “Possibilities for continuous frequency tuning in terahertz gyrotrons with nontunable electrodynamic systems.” Radiophys. Quantum Electron. 58, 660–672, 2016.
E.M. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, M.M. Melnikova, N.M. Ryskin, and O. Dumbrajs, “Influence of reflections on frequency tunability and mode competition in the second-harmonic THz gyrotron.” J. Infrared, Millim., Terahertz Waves 38, 824–837, 2017.
M.M. Melnikova, A.V. Tyshkun, A.G. Rozhnev, and N.M. Ryskin, “Theoretical analysis of gyrotron self-injection locking by delayed reflection,” 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 9-14 Sept. 2018, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2018.8510318.
G.S. Nusinovich, Introduction to the Physics of Gyrotrons (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2004).
G.S. Nusinovich, L. Luo, and P.-K. Liu, “Linear theory of frequency pulling in gyrotrons.” Phys. Plasmas 23, 053111, 2016.
L. Luo, C.-H. Du, M.-G. Huang, and P.-K. Liu, “Frequency pulling in a low-voltage medium-power gyrotron.” Phys. Plasmas 25, 043103, 2018.
M. Fukunari, G.S. Nusinovich, Y. Tatematsu, T. Saito, and Y. Yamaguchi, “Saturation effects in frequency pulling of gyrotrons operating in high-order axial modes.” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46, 2848-2855, 2018.
S.N. Vlasov, G.M. Zhislin, I.M. Orlova, M.I. Petelin, and G.G. Rogacheva, “Irregular waveguide as open resonator.” Radiophys. Quantum Electron. 12, 972, 1969.
Funding
This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant no. 19-79-00307.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Melnikova, M.M., Tyshkun, A.V. & Ryskin, N.M. Theoretical Analysis of Frequency Stabilization and Pulling Effects in a Gyrotron with Delayed Reflection. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 42, 446–461 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-021-00768-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-021-00768-9