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Waveguide-Type Multiplexer for Multiline Observation of Atmospheric Molecules using Millimeter-Wave Spectroradiometer

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Abstract

In order to better understand the variation mechanism of ozone abundance in the middle atmosphere, the simultaneous monitoring of ozone and other minor molecular species, which are related to ozone depletion, is the most fundamental and critical method. A waveguide-type multiplexer was developed for the expansion of the observation frequency range of a millimeter-wave spectroradiometer, for the simultaneous observation of multiple molecular spectral lines. The proposed multiplexer contains a cascaded four-stage sideband-separating filter circuit. The waveguide circuit was designed based on electromagnetic analysis, and the pass frequency bands of stages 1–4 were 243–251 GHz, 227–235 GHz, 197–205 GHz, and 181–189 GHz. The insertion and return losses of the multiplexer were measured using vector network analyzers, each observation band was well-defined, and the bandwidths were appropriately specified. Moreover, the receiver noise temperature and the image rejection ratio (IRR) using the superconducting mixer at 4 K were measured. As a result, the increase in receiver noise due to the multiplexer compared with that of only the mixer can be attributed to the transmission loss of the waveguide circuit in the multiplexer. The IRRs were higher than 25 dB at the center of each observation band. This indicates that a high and stable IRR performance can be achieved by the waveguide-type multiplexer for the separation of sideband signals.

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Notes

  1. NDACC 〈http://www.ndaccdemo.org/〉

  2. ANSYS HFSS 〈https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-hfss〉

  3. ECCOSORB®; MF 〈https://www.laird.com/rfmicrowave-absorbers-dielectrics/injection-molded-machined-casted/machinable-stock/eccosorb-mf〉

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Takahiko Kosegaki and Koki Satani for their contributions with respect to the measurement of the waveguide component performances, and Gemma Mizoguchi and Kouta Zengyou for the calculation of the gain compression of the SIS mixers. In addition, we would like to acknowledge Yasusuke Kojima and Ryuji Fujimori at ISEE, and Satoshi Ochiai at NICT for support with the measurements at NICT; Toshikazu Takahashi at Nobeyama Radio Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, for support with the simulation experiment; Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Takafumi Onishi, Tetsuo Kano, Wataru Kato, and Ryota Nishimura at the Equipment Development Support Section, Technical Center, Nagoya University, for their helpful support and discussions. T. N. wishes to acknowledge the support of the CASIO Science Promotion Foundation. Part of the research was supported by the SATREPS program by JST and JICA, IX-th prioritized project AJ0901 by National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19H01952 and JP18KK0289.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan

    Taku Nakajima, Kohei Haratani, Akira Mizuno & Kazuji Suzuki

  2. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan

    Takafumi Kojima, Yoshinori Uzawa & Shin’ichiro Asayama

  3. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan

    Issei Watanabe

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  1. Taku Nakajima
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Nakajima, T., Haratani, K., Mizuno, A. et al. Waveguide-Type Multiplexer for Multiline Observation of Atmospheric Molecules using Millimeter-Wave Spectroradiometer. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 41, 1530–1555 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-020-00740-z

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