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Expression Pattern and Immunoregulatory Roles of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

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Abstract

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (Ps) overlaps, particularly the activation of the immune response and tissue damage. Here, we evaluated galectin (Gal)-1 and Gal-3 levels, which are beta-galactoside-binding proteins with immunomodulatory functions and examined their effects on human keratinocytes stimulated with either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-17A. Skin biopsies from AD, Ps, and control patients were evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Six studies containing publicly available transcriptome data were individually analyzed using the GEO2R tool to detect Gal-1 and Gal-3 mRNA levels. In vitro, IL-4- or IL-17A-stimulated keratinocytes were treated with or without Gal-1 or Gal-3 to evaluate cytokine release and migration. Our findings showed different patterns of expression for Gal-1 and Gal-3 in AD and Ps skins. Densitometric analysis in skin samples showed a marked increase in the protein Gal-1 levels in Ps epidermis and in both AD and Ps dermis compared to controls. Protein and mRNA Gal-3 levels were downregulated in AD and Ps lesional skin compared with the control samples. In vitro, both galectins addition abrogated the release of IL-8 and RANTES in IL-17-stimulated keratinocytes after 24 h, whereas IL-6 release was downregulated by Gal-3 and Gal-1 in IL-4- and IL-17-stimulated cells, respectively. Administration of both galectins also increased the rate of keratinocyte migration under IL-4 or IL-17 stimulation conditions compared with untreated cells. Altogether, the immunoregulatory and migration effects of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on keratinocytes under inflammatory microenvironment make them interesting targets for future therapies in cutaneous diseases.

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Availability of Data and Material (Data Transparency)

All transcriptomes’ data were selected from the GEOR (available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/): GSE120721 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc=GSE120721); GSE16161 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc=GSE16161); GSE130588 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc=GSE130588); GSE166388 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc=GSE166388); GSE106087 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc=GSE106087); GSE117239 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/geo2r/?acc=GSE117239).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mr. Paulo Celso Franco from the Department of Morphology and Genetics, UNIFESP, for his skillful technical assistance.

Funding

This research was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), grant number 2017/26872–5 (CDG). MPC was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—CAPES (Finance Code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras E Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil

    Mab P. Corrêa, Sonia M. Oliani & Cristiane D. Gil

  2. Departamento de Morfologia E Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, Ed. Lemos Torres – 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil

    Rebeca D. Correia-Silva, Gisela R. Silva Sasso & Cristiane D. Gil

  3. Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Forense, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil

    Solange C. G. P. D’Ávila

  4. Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, The Griffin Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK

    Karin V. Greco

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  1. Mab P. Corrêa
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [Mab Pereira Corrêa], [Cristiane Damas Gil]; Methodology: [Mab Pereira Corrêa], [Rebeca Donizete Correia-Silva], [Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso], [Solange Corrêa Garcia Pires D’Ávila], [Karin Vicente Greco]; Formal analysis and investigation: [Mab Pereira Corrêa]; Writing-original draft preparation: [Mab Pereira Corrêa], [Cristiane Damas Gil]; Writing-review and editing: [Karin Vicente Greco], [Sonia Maria Oliani]; Funding acquisition: [Cristiane Damas Gil]; Resources: [Karin Vicente Greco], [Sonia Maria Oliani], [Cristiane Damas Gil]; Supervision: [Cristiane Damas Gil].

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Correspondence to Cristiane D. Gil.

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The study with human skin biopsies was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of FAMERP in the meeting of 17 August 2017 (protocol code 2.225.518).

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Corrêa, M.P., Correia-Silva, R.D., Sasso, G.R.S. et al. Expression Pattern and Immunoregulatory Roles of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Inflammation 45, 1133–1145 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-021-01608-7

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